THE ROLE OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY IN DIAGNOSIS OF LUNG CANCER WITH CORRELATION OF SERUM TUMOUR MARKER CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN
Journal Title: Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences - Year 2019, Vol 8, Issue 10
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunohistochemistry is a less challenging, widely available technique which provides clinically meaningful results quickly and allows for cellular localization of proteins in the context of tumour structure. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, regardless of gender. In an era of precision medicine, pathologists are required to classify lung cancer into specific subtypes and assess biomarkers relevant to molecular targeted therapies but overlapping of microscopic features of different types of tumours sometimes makes diagnosis difficult for pathologists. The objectives of this study were- 1. to accurately diagnose small and non-small cell lung carcinoma for targeted therapy. 2. to differentiate between adenocarcinoma lung and malignant mesothelioma. 3. to determine primary site of origin in patients who present with metastatic disease. 4. to correlate serum CEA level and lung carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive study of 60 cases which have been diagnosed histopathologically and cases which were difficult to diagnose due to inadequate material, was carried out for six months duration from July 2018 to December 2018 in the Department of Pathology, Shri M. P. Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar. We have studied histopathology slides with different IHC panel markers like TTF-1, Napsin A, CK 7, p63 and EGFR. Results were correlated with serum tumour marker Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) with the help of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. RESULTS In our study of 60 cases, 24 (40%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 20 (33%) cases of adenocarcinoma and 15 (25%) cases of small cell lung carcinoma and 1 (1.66%) case of metastasis from colon adenocarcinoma were confirmed. Most of the patients belonged to older age group and out of 60 cases, 39 (65%) were males, and 21 (35%) were females. Most common age group was 40-60 years. CONCLUSION Squamous cell carcinoma is more common than other subtypes of lung cancer with male predominance and was associated with smoking. Serum CEA level is raised (>7 ng/ml) in all the cases of lung carcinoma. Immunohistochemical techniques along with serum tumour marker play critical roles as diagnostic and screening tools for lung cancer.
Authors and Affiliations
Neha Pandya, Vijay Popat
Keywords
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- EP ID EP555265
- DOI 10.14260/jemds/2019/155
- Views 63
- Downloads 0
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