The role of satellite cells in skeletal muscle regeneration
Journal Title: Rehabilitacja Medyczna - Year 2009, Vol 13, Issue 3
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are composed of multinucleated fibers that cannot divide. They retain the ability to regenerate due to the presence of mononucleated cells, called satellite cells. Mitotically quiescent satellite cells are located between the sarcolemma and the basal lamina of the muscle fiber. They can be activated in response to muscle injury. Then they proliferate, differentiate and eventually fuse to damaged myofibers or fuse together to form new myofibers. A part of the activated cells escape differentiation and restore the pool of quiescent satellite cell under the basal lamina of the newly formed muscle fibers. A decline in the number and activity of satellite cells results in an impaired regeneration potential of aged muscle. However regeneration can be improved by modification of the microenvironment of the skeletal muscle. Satellite cells have been considered as a source for cell-based therapies in the treatment of diseases such as muscular dystrophies, heart failure, insufficient function of external urethral sphincter. They can be derived easily from skeletal muscle biopsies and cultured in vitro before cell transplantation. After injection to the host muscle they undergo a myogenic differentiation program. In the case of muscle dystrophy, clinical trials have demonstrated a lack of health improvement after transplantation. This was the result of the poor survival and limited migratory capacity of the injected cells. More promising results were obtained when satellite cells were transferred to the locally damaged muscles. This article demonstrates the role of satellite cells in skeletal muscle regeneration, and the possibilities of their use in cell-based therapies in the case of diseases where muscle fibers are impaired.
Authors and Affiliations
Dorota Harasiuk, Jan Górski
Keywords
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