The Spatial Distribution of HIV Prevalence Rates in Nigeria
Journal Title: Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research - Year 2017, Vol 21, Issue 7
Abstract
Nigeria has witnessed a gradual decline in the national trend of HIV prevalence from the peak of 5.8% in 2001 to 3.4% in 2012. In spite of the decline nationally, there is a wide variation in the distribution of HIV at the sub-national level. This study therefore aims to explore the spatial distribution of HIV in Nigeria. The study was an ecological study of secondary data of the National HIV prevalence studies conducted between 2008 and 2012. The global Moran’s I and Local Moran’s I (LISA) test were used to measure spatial autocorrelation. A final choropleth map of local Moran’s FDR-adjusted p values was produced and a p value of ≤ 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. The analysis of the data was carried out in R statistical package version 3.2.3. Twenty seven (73%) states showed decline in HIV while 10 (27%) states showed an increase in the HIV prevalence rate between 2008 and 2012. Global Moran I statistics for the country indicates a significant positive spatial autocorrelation of HIV in 2008 and 2010 however, there was no significant relationship in 2012. The choropleth map identified four hot spot significant clusters of HIV in 2008 which reduced to three states in 2010 and one state in 2012. The study showed a number of significant hot spot clusters for HIV in Nigeria though there was a general significant decline in the national HIV prevalence rate in the country. There is need to further understand the drivers of the epidemic in hot spot areas and target specific localized action to stem the tide of the epidemic focusing the scarce resources in the identified hotspot states.
Authors and Affiliations
Olusoji Daniel, Olusola Adejumo, Kolawole Oritogun, Ebunoluwa Jaiyesimi, Temitope Ladi-Akinyemi
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP311723
- DOI 10.9734/BJMMR/2017/33184
- Views 156
- Downloads 0
Dynamic of Biofilm Formation on Surgical Clamps by Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii Strains
Background: Understanding biofilm formation and the interaction between bacterial species on surgical instrument surfaces is of great importance. Due to the scarcity of studies on this subject, the present study proposes...
Cesarean Section and Urinary Tract Infection Correlation with Bronchiolitis in Lebanese Hospitalized Children between One Month and Two Years Old
Background: Bronchiolitis of infancy is a clinically diagnosed respiratory condition presenting with breathing difficulties, cough, poor feeding, and irritability and, in the very young, apnea. Objective: To determine t...
Faculty Perception and Attitude on Problem Based Learning (PBL) in Medical College from Central India
Background: PBL is an innovative teaching learning method that enhances intrinsic motivation, promotes self learning, encourages clinical reasoning, and develops long-lasting memory. It is an established leading educati...
Cytokines and Defensins in Tissue Biopsies Obtained by Bronchoscopy from Patients with Post-Intubation Tracheal Stenosis
Aims: The objective of our study was to perform the routine analysis of bronchoscopically obtained tracheal samples to determine the appearance and relative distribution of cytokines and antimicrobial proteins in patient...
Sapium ellipticum (Hochst.) Pax Leaf Extract: In-vitro Antioxidant Activities and Lethal Dose (LD50) Determination in Wistar Rats
Prior to this investigation, the LD50 and antioxidant activities of Sapium ellipticum leaf extract have not been reported, hence; the focus of this study. The LD50 of the extract was determined through three routes of ad...