TO THE ISSUE OF THE ENFORCEMENT OF EUROPEAN STANDARDS FOR APATRIDS IN THE PRIVATIZATION PROCESS
Journal Title: Вісник Запорізького національного університету. Юридичні науки - Year 2018, Vol 2, Issue
Abstract
In the article are considered the civil status of apatrids as potential subjects of privatization according of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the established practice of the European Court of Human Rights. In particular, the author investigates the grounds for limiting their capacity (deal capacity) and the compliance of such restrictions with European standards and the Constitution of Ukraine. As a result of the scientific analysis, a conclusion was drawn about the discriminatory and unconstitutional nature of restrictions on the rights of stateless persons regarding their ability to act as buyers of privatization objects. In particular, the text of the article states that the Law of Ukraine "On Privatization of State and Communal Property" dated January 18, 2018 No. 2269-VIII (hereinafter – the Law) came into force on March 7, 2018. The new Law provides for the exclusion of stateless persons from privatization. Meanwhile, according to Article 6 of the Law of Ukraine "On the Principles of Prevention and Combating of Discrimination in Ukraine" dated September 6, 2012 No. 5207-VI, all persons, regardless of their specific features, have equal rights and freedoms, as well as equal opportunities for their implementation. Moreover, the said law concerns, among other things, the sphere of public relations, such as access to goods and services, and other areas of public relations. Consequently, stateless persons are deprived of equality in access to goods (objects of privatization). According to the author, this is evidence of discrimination in accordance with national legislation, and also unconstitutional, since according to Article 22 of the Constitution of Ukraine, constitutional rights and freedoms are guaranteed and cannot be abolished. When adopting new laws or introducing amendments to existing laws, it is not allowed to narrow the content and scope of existing rights and freedoms. At the same time, stateless persons were present in the list of potential buyers in the previous Law of Ukraine "On privatization of state property" (Article 8). That is, stateless persons for more than 26 years (from March 4, 1992 and before till March 7, 2018) could be buyers of privatization objects. At the same time, the law deprives them of this right, without any reasoning (even at the level of the explanatory note to the draft law). In addition, the legal restrictions on the rights of stateless persons are also analyzed in terms of European standards. In particular, the practice of the ECHR has developed an approach that recognizes discrimination in the treatment of persons in different ways, without objective and reasonable justification, in relatively similar situations. At the same time, the ECHR emphasizes that the difference in treatment is discriminatory if it does not pursue a legitimate aim or if there is no reasonable correlation between the means employed and the pursued purpose. This concept has been supported and consistently implemented by key European institutions – such as the European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission), as evidenced by the "Rule of Law" report, which was approved at the 86th plenary meeting of the commission (March 25-26, 2011 year) Therefore, the author comes to the conclusion that the law novel about the exclusion of stateless persons from the number of buyers of privatization objects is unconstitutional, and also has all the signs of discrimination, both at the national and international level. In the light of the above, in the opinion of the author, it is urgently necessary, as soon as possible, to amend the Law, in order to prevent the negative decisions of the ECHR against Ukraine, and without waiting for the recognition of such a law novel as unconstitutional, in order to raise the prestige of the state in the world, renewal of unjustly violated and discriminatory rights of stateless persons to participate in privatization.
Authors and Affiliations
О. В. Задорожний
Keywords
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