Toxicity of Anchomanes difformis, An Antimalarial Herb in Murine Models
Journal Title: European Journal of Medicinal Plants - Year 2017, Vol 20, Issue 3
Abstract
Aim: Anchomanes difformis (A. difformis) is commonly used in folkloric medicine for the treatment of malaria. However, there had been no scientific evidence to substantiate this folkloric claim in murine models; hence the study. Study Design: We employed murine models for this in vivo experiment and Vacuum Liquid Chromatography as our separation techniques for the plant extracts. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria between June 2014 and August, 2015. Methodology: Methanol Extract (ME) and methanol Fraction (MF) obtained from A. difformis were used to treat mice for curative and prophylactic experiments. Therapeutic doses (methanol extract therapy [MET] and methanol fraction therapy [MFT] 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight [bw]) were administered daily for seven days after confirming parasitemia. Prophylactic groups (methanol extract prophylaxis [MEP] and methanol fraction prophylaxis [MFP]) were pretreated for seven days before experimental infection. Results: Observed slides showed that there was no significant suppression, reduction in parasitemia or increase in clearance compared with the positive control. There was a significant reduction in Packed Cell Volume (PCV) in the curative experiment compared with the unparasitized control (UTA). The PCV did not change significantly across the groups in the prophylactic experiment. White Blood Cell (WBC) values decreased significantly (p<0.0001) among the treated groups for MET and MFT compared with Artesunate (ART). The ART’s WBC value increased significantly (p<0.0001) when compared with parasitized control (MCT). In the prophylactic group, WBC values decreased significantly with both MEP and MFP compared with the Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) group. In both curative and prophylactic groups, survival rate decreased significantly as the dose increased. While ME-treated group survived better than MF-treated group, no animal survived under the MFP 400 mg/ kg bw. Histopathology of the liver revealed toxic effects of all drugs used. Conclusion: The results revealed that doses used did not have significant antiplasmodial activity compared with the control drug used in this research. Extra caution must be taken while taking antimalarial drugs because of their possible toxicity.
Authors and Affiliations
J. O. Olanlokun, C. O. Babarinde, O. O. Olorunsogo
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP327155
- DOI 10.9734/EJMP/2017/35165
- Views 139
- Downloads 0
In vivo Toxicological Assessment of the Aqueous Extracts of the Leaves of Carissa edulis (Apocynaceae) in Wistar Rats
Aim: To screen the acute and 28-days subchronic toxicity of the leaves aqueous extract of Carissa edulis (C. edulis). Design: Experimental and observational study. Place and Duration: Faculty of health sciences of Cotono...
The Effects of Zinc Application and Cutting on Growth, Herb, Essential Oil and Flavonoids in Three Medicinal Lamiaceae Plants
Aims: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc on growth, fresh herb, essential oil and flavonoids content of Dracocephalum moldavica, Hyssopus officinalis and Salvia officinalis plants at two su...
Casearia sylvestris Swartz Extract Release Using Natural Rubber Latex Biomembranes as Carrier
The Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) from Hevea brasiliensis has shown promise in biomedical applications due to its low cost, easy handling, mechanical properties and biocompatibility, being used for bone regeneration and wou...
Evaluation of Antidiabetic and the Effect of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Jatropha curcas on Some Biochemical Parameters in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Male Albino Rats
Aims: The study evaluates the antidiabetic, and the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Jatropha curcas on some biochemical parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic male albino rats (Wistar strain). Place and Duration of...
Cytotoxic, Thrombolytic and Membrane Stabilizing Activities of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. Flower Extract
Aims: To investigate cytotoxic, thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities of methanol extract and its different Kupchan partitionates of flowers of Swietenia mahagoni. Study Design: Evaluation of cytotoxic activit...