Trawy w zbiorowiskach roślinnych na zrekultywowanych osadnikach posodowych byłych Krakowskich Zakładów Sodowych Solvay
Journal Title: Łąkarstwo w Polsce - Year 2016, Vol 19, Issue
Abstract
Industrial and municipal waste landfills may negatively affect the environment. In most cases, it is necessary to use biological reclamation methods to remediate landfill area. In that process the role of grasses is fundamental. The aim of the study was to characterize grass species occurring on the reclaimed soda waste dumps of former KZS Solvay in Krakow. The study was performed on sediment ponds restored in 1995 and containing mainly calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with an ad-mixture of calcium sulfate (CaSO4) and silica (SiO2). They were in 1995 covered with a mineral layer and sown with a of grass and legume mixture. There have been no further treatments. A total of 132 plots, with an area of 25 m2 each, were laid out in a 30 by 30 m grid on the dumps on an total area of 17.4 ha. On each plot the basic parameters of physical and chemical properties of mineral layer were analyzed. The plant species composition was assessed using Braun-Blanquet method. At the surveyed plots 17 grass species were found, of which 6 appeared with constancy above 30%: wood small-reed (Calamagrostis epigejos), uackgrass (Elymus repens), red fescue (Festuca rubra), false oat-grass (Arrhenatherum elatius), orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis). The applied mineral layer was relatively heterogeneous in terms of physical and chemical parameters but suitable as a substrate for the growth of many grass species. Both in terms of cover as the number of species they have a significant share in the vegetation on the dumps. The highest number of grass species was typical meadow species (class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea), but the largest cover coefficient, however, had ruderal species: wood small-reed (class Epilobietea) and quackgrass (class Agropyretea). The occurence of wood small-reed was associated with increased levels of clay in the soil, quackgrass in turn was more abundant on plots with a higher sand content and increased thickness of the mineral layer. These two expansive, vegetative reproducing species had an negative impact on the species diversity and landscape aesthetic value. In order to reduce their occurrence mowing and removal of biomass would be needed.
Authors and Affiliations
Jan Zarzycki, Ewelina Zając
Keywords
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