Trinitrate(V)-propane-1,2,3-triyl. Documentation
Journal Title: Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy - Year 2013, Vol 29, Issue 3
Abstract
At room temperature trinitrate(V)-propan-1,2,3 --triyl (nitroglycerin, TNG) is an oily, colorless to pale yellow liquid with sweet, burning taste. It is classified as a highly toxic explosive substance. It shows very toxic effects by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. Nitroglycerin is a substance used in the manu-facture of dynamite and other explosive materials as well as an active ingredient of rocket propellant. Nitroglycerin is also used medically as one of the most useful drug for treating angina pectoris, congestive heart failure (especially in acute myocardial infarction) and hypertension.In industrial conditions inhalation of vapors via airways and contact with the skin are the potential routes of exposure to this compound. Data concerning TNG concentrations in the workplace air date from the second half of the 20th century. Its concentrations measured at that time accounted for <0.1–4.0 mg/m[sup]3[/sup].Chief Sanitary Inspectorate, the total number of employees exposed to TNG in concentrations of >0.1– 0.5 of the maximum admissible concentration value (MAC) was 11 workers in 2010 and 52 workers in 2011. In 2007 and 2010 there were no workers exposed to TNG in concentrations exceeding the MAC value of 0.5 (0.25 mg/m3) and MAC value (0.5 mg/m[sup]3[/sup]). There are no reliable data on the increased human risk of coronary and cerebrovascular diseases induced by nitroglycerin. The results of the studies performed are conflicting and the results of some cohort studies even suggest that the incidence of these diseases is generated by ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN). The results of the in vitro study of the mutagenic effect of nitroglycerin have not evidenced strong or even slight mutagenic effect of this substance. All in vitro studies of the TNG mutagenic effect produced negative results.The International Agency for Research on Can-cer (IARC) has not classified nitroglycerin as to its carcinogenicity to humans. In Germany TNG has been categorized into group 3B as to its carcinogenicity, whereas the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL) has classified it as carcinogenic compound of group C – a genotoxic carcinogen for which it is possible to set the admissible practical value on the basis of existing data.There are no data concerning the effect of nitro-glycerin on the human reproductive system. In a three-generation reproductive toxicity study carried out on rats, the Fo generation showed no effect of TNG on the reproduction of these animals. Major disorders in reproduction were observed in the F1 group administered the highest dose of nitroglycerin, which was associated with the inhibition of spermatogenesis and significant decrease in the mass of testes. Other studies did not reveal any effect of TNG on reproduction. In Germany nitroglycerin has been categorized in group C – a substance not expected to damage embryos and fetuses if the MAC value is strictly observed. It has been suggested to adopt TNG concentra-tion of 0.095 mg/m[sup]3[/sup] (0.01 ppm) as the MAC value. In this case the determination of uncer-tainty coefficients was not necessary since this value was derived directly from the study out-come in workers occupationally exposed to nitroglycerin.It has also been suggested to adopt the concen-tration of 0.19 mg/m[sup]3[/sup] (0.02 ppm) as the short-term exposure limit (STEL) value since irritation effect has been observed in workers exposed to nitroglycerin in concentrations equal to or higher than 0.3 mg/m[sup]3[/sup] of this compound (Hanlon, Fredrick, 1966). In the concomitant presence of nitroglycerin and ethylene glycol dinitrate – a compound of the same mechanism of action, it is essential to consider the sum of quotients of weighted average concentrations of both compounds relevant to the MAC value that must not exceed the value equal to 1.It has been suggested to label the compound with “Sk” indicating dermal absorption of the substance since nitroglycerin shows very high capacity for absorption through the skin and induces systemic symptoms. There are no data that allows to determine TNG maximum concentration in biological material.
Authors and Affiliations
Andrzej Sapota, Małgorzata Skrzypińska-Gawrysiak
Keywords
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