Ultrasound assisted direct transesterification of algae for biodiesel production: Analysis of emission characteristics
Journal Title: Carbon - Science and Technology - Year 2014, Vol 6, Issue 2
Abstract
Recently, the algae-for-fuel concept has gained renewed interest with energy prices fluctuating widely. Due to some restrictions over the oil extraction from algae, direct transesterification may be considered as a good alternative. In this study, to improve the performance of direct transesterification, ultrasound induction was carried out. A sonicator probe was used to induce the direct transesterification of Cladophora fracta, a freshwater macro alga, which contains 14 % lipid on dry biomass basis. Due to ultrasonication about 25 % increased biodiesel yields were obtained and the biodiesel thus prepared was analyzed for emission characteristics. The analysis results showed that Cladophora biodiesel emits 18 mg/L of CO whereas petroleum diesel emits 50 mg/L. Similarly, the emission of NOx and particulate matter also were reduced to a considerable level. The Cladophora is a suitable source of biodiesel by ultrasound assisted direct transesterification in industrial level in the future.
Authors and Affiliations
Namasivayam Manickam, Nivetha Elumalai Selvamani, and Gopinath K. P.
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP49915
- DOI -
- Views 217
- Downloads 0
Methane storage in a commercial activated carbon
A commercial activated carbon was examined for possible methane storage application. The structural and surface properties of the carbon were characterized by Nitrogen adsorption isotherm at 77 oK. It was found that the...
Enhancing anaerobic digestion of poultry litter in field digestors by incorporating in-line pre-digestor assembly
Anaerobic fermentation inside the digestor is the continuous process which results in the formation of useful biogas fuel. All feedstocks are not easily decomposable thereby necessitating the design of an “optional in-li...
Preparation, microstructure and oxidation resistance of SiCN ceramic matrix composites with glass-like carbon interface
Glass-like carbon (GC) interface was successfully introduced into carbon fiber-reinforced SiCN ceramic matrix composite (C/GC/SiCN) by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis using phenolic resin as precursor. In order to hig...
Semiconducting, Magnetic or Superconducting Nanoparticles encapsulated in Carbon Shells by RAPET method.
An efficient, solvent-free, environmentally friendly, RAPET (Reactions under Autogenic Pressure at Elevated Temperature) synthetic approach is discussed for the fabrication of core-shell nanostructures. The semiconductin...
Jute fibre reinforced plastic: evaluation of application based properties
A fibre extracted from jute is a budding component identified for its potential application in composites. It is imperative to evaluate the parametric and property based features to determine its suitability. In this res...