Unilateral absence of foramen transversarium in the human atlas vertebra: A case report
Journal Title: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RECENT TRENDS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - Year 2017, Vol 22, Issue 2
Abstract
Variations in the number and size of foramen transversarium of cervical vertebrae are commonly observed. The atlas vertebra has many unique features. It is located at very critical point close to vital centre in medulla oblongata. The first cervical vertebra i.e. Atlas does not possess body or a spinous process. It has narrow anterior arch and posterior arch. The transverse process projects laterally from the lateral mass. They are unusually long which provides efficient lever for rotation of atlas. It shows presence of foramen transversarium which provides passage for second part of vertebral artery and sympathetic and venous plexus surrounding it. The foramen transversarium which transmits vertebral vessels is the result of special formation of cervical vertebral transverse process. It is formed by vestigial costal element fused to the body of originally true transverse process of vertebra. In the atlas where vertebral artery exist the foramen transversarium to enter into the cranial cavity, many variations have been described. During routine osteology demonstration classes for undergraduate medical students, we noticed unilateral absence of foramen transversarium in atlas. Many important neurovascular structures are present in close relation with foramen transversarium and transverse process of atlas. Unilateral absence of foramen transversarium may creates confusion and much difficulty for identification of nearby structures which may leads to injury to any important structure, can result in life threatening complications.
Authors and Affiliations
Vivek K Nirmale, Mohammad Laeeque, Chaya V Diwan
Keywords
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