Unravelling novel molecular targets of Thymol and Carvacrol in Candida glabrata
Journal Title: Environment Conservation Journal - Year 2024, Vol 25, Issue 3
Abstract
The emergence of non-albicans Candida as a potential causative agent of candidiasis following Candida albicans is occurring globally. It is known that phenolic cresols, thymol, and carvacrol have anti-Candida characteristics. However, there are few papers that disclose the mechanism of action, which is characterized by a damaged cell wall and ergosterol synthesis, as well as calcium-induced death in C. albicans. This work utilized in-silico docking analysis to examine the molecular targets of thymol and carvacrol in Candida glabrata. The results were then validated in vitro by antifungal susceptibility testing and growth curve analysis. The study incorporated C. glabrata deletion mutants for the target proteins to gain understanding of the function of these proteins in the antifungal effects of the two monoterpenoids. After conducting molecular docking and in silico toxicity evaluations, thymol and carvacrol were chosen for in vitro investigations. Experimental tests conducted in a laboratory setting have shown that both phytocompounds exhibit strong binding affinity towards cell wall synthesis proteins (Kre1p, Kre2p, Ecm33p), calcium channel proteins (Mid1p, Ecm7p), and proteins involved in the ergosterol synthesis pathway (Erg5p). These proteins are likely to be the specific targets for the anti-Candida properties of the two isomeric monoterpenoids in C. glabrata. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) values for thymol and carvacrol range from 50 µg/ml to 75 µg/ml. The wild-type strains exhibit a minimum fungicidal concentration of 100 µg/ml for thymol and 125 µg/ml for carvacrol. The results underscore the significance of these proteins in the fungal reaction to thymol and carvacrol and also indicate a promising opportunity for the development of novel antifungal treatment methods utilizing these proteins.
Authors and Affiliations
Darshan Kumar, Ayesha Ansari, Nishant Rai, Navin Kumar
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP745664
- DOI https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.27792845
- Views 1
- Downloads 0
Pattern of litterfall production and nutrient addition in soil through litterfall by different tree species: A review
Innutrient dynamics, an extremely valuable resource is litterfall. It is crucial to the dynamics of soil nutrients, the characteristics of soil, and the transfer of energy. In an agroforestry system, decomposition and l...
Unearthing the hidden dangers by soil borne diseases of nursery plants: A review
In agricultural production, soil transmitted diseases pose significant challenges, resulting in reduced crop productivity, increased production costs, and diminished yields. Environmental factors such as excessive moistu...
Growth and instability analysis of area, production and yield of groundnut in selected states of India
India is the largest producer of oilseeds in the world as oilseed sector occupies an important position in the agricultural economy of the country. The study was based on the secondary data from 2002-03 to 2019-20. Majo...
Evaluation of different China aster (Callistephus chinensis L. Nees) genotypes in the Terai region of West Bengal
The experiment was laid out in Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications. Sixteen genotypes namely, Arka Poornima, Arka Archana, Arka Aadya, Arka Kamini, Arka Shashank, Phule Ganesh White, Phule Ganesh...
A Comprehensive insight into the phytoconstituents and health benefits of Clematis species
The genus of Clematis is a buttercup family (Ranunculaceae), recognized for its flowers and adaptable as an ornamental plant in colder climates. It contains around 300 species. Clematis has a variety of active phytocons...