Use of Sequence Specific Nucleases for Site Specific Modification of Plant Genome for Crop Improvement
Journal Title: International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research (IJASR) - Year 2017, Vol 7, Issue 5
Abstract
Crop improvement is a complex process, which not only involves selection or breeding for a desired trait, but also includes different types of agronomic practices for crop production. In most cases of crop improvement processes, there is an inclusion, exclusion, or modification of one or few genes that underlie the trait targeted for improvement in crop plants. Advancement in genetic engineering techniques provides researchers a great advantage in controlling expression of plant gene/genes in a desired manner. From random mutations of plant genome using different mutagens like EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulfonate), X-rays, gamma-rays, etc. to site specific genome modification has been achieved, which has put greater acceleration in understanding gene expression and its regulation. Advancement of techniques involving components like Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs), RNAi/ antisense technology and more recently CRISPR/ Cas allows us to study the genes and manipulate them more precisely. This review article highlights the application of molecular techniques like ZFNs, TALENs and CRISPR/ Cas in site-specific modification of different plant genomes, which has made gene expression, and regulation studies faster, easier and more reliable. The recent modifications in CRISPR/Cas9 strategy which offer greater potential for crop genetic improvement and breeding are also highlighted.
Authors and Affiliations
Karma L. Bhutia, Wricha Tyagi
Keywords
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