Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci Infections in Trinidad and Tobago
Journal Title: Microbiology Research Journal International - Year 2015, Vol 9, Issue 3
Abstract
Aims: To document Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) infections prevalence, risk factors, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and evaluation of chromogenic plates in identifying VRE isolates in Trinidad and Tobago. Study Design: This was a cross sectional prospective observational and descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was carried out in all major regional hospitals in Trinidad & Tobago over a four year period, 2009 to 2013. Methodology: All cases of Enterococcus infections from major hospitals in the country were reviewed. Standardized questionnaire was used to analyze epidemiological and clinical data of VRE infected patients. Enterococcal speciation, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were evaluated using Microscan Walk Away 96SI (Siemens, USA). Isolates were further identified using 6.5% NaCl and pyrrolidonyl arylamidase activity according to CLSI guidelines. Brain Heart Infusion agar, Bile esculin azide agar containing 6 mg/L of vancomycin and chromogenic agar plates - Chromagar VRE and chrom ID VRE were used to screen and confirm VRE isolates Results: A low (3.9%) VRE infections were encountered from 1,141 enterococcal infections reviewed. Majority of these infections occurred in the surgical facilities (42%) and least from the burns unit (2%) respectively. No significant association was observed between VRE infections and patients’ gender, age, wards or hospital facilities. However underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension; and prior use of antibiotics on or before admission were noted to be associated with the VRE infections. All the VRE infections were mainly caused by E. faecium and E. faecalis that were completely (100%) resistant to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, rifampin and vancomycin, but were 95% and 100% susceptible to gentamycin and linezolid respectively. Overall, performance of the chromogenic agar plates were 100% sensitive and specific for VRE Conclusion: In Trinidad & Tobago VRE infections prevalence although low are strongly associated with high antibiotic consumption, prolonged hospitalization and diabetes mellitus disease. Linezolid is highly susceptible to multidrug resistant VRE isolates in the country. Chromogenic VRE media produced rapid and reliable identification of VRE organism. Further use of molecular studies to monitor the epidemiology of VRE infections in hospitals in the country is highly recommended.
Authors and Affiliations
Shivnarine Kissoon, Patrick Eberechi Akpaka, William Henry Swanston
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP354358
- DOI 10.9734/BMRJ/2015/18531
- Views 91
- Downloads 0
Sequence Analysis of Three Genes of Mycoplasma bovis Isolates from Egyptian Cattle and Buffaloes
The present study concerned with phylogentic analysis of three genes (gapA, p 40 pseudogene and uvrC) related to adhesion and virulence of Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) in cows and buffaloes. In this study, 625 milk sample...
An in-vitro Analysis of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of the Methanol Extract of Hypoxis hemerocallideacorm (MEHHC) from Botswana
Aims: To evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Hypoxis hemerocallidea corm (MEHHC) with different assays. Study Design: In vitro evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activi...
Antibiotic Susceptibilities and Plasmid Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase- producing Escherichia coli from Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infection at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Background: Globally, the emergence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli has been noted in community acquired strains as against the hospital acquired origin. This study was designed to a...
Biodegradation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and Lipase Activity by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans
Aims: To evaluate the biodegradation of palm oil mill effluent and lipase activity by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans treatment. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Un...
Antimicrobial Potential of Dacryodes edulis against Selected Clinical Bacterial Isolates
The antimicrobial potential of Dacryodes edulis was investigated to determine the antimicrobial properties of the collected raw D. edulis pulp and seed extracts on some medically important human pathogens. The research w...