Waste to Worth - Sludge Containing Calcium Carbonate into Useful Building Materials - an Indian Context
Journal Title: Trends in Civil Engineering and its Architecture - Year 2018, Vol 2, Issue 2
Abstract
Human activities on earth produce in considerable quantities of wastes more than 2,500 million tons per year, including industrial and agricultural wastes from rural and urban societies. This creates serious problems to the environment, health and also the land filling. Now a day the concrete and bricks are most used man made materials in the world. The Indian construction industry alone consumes approximately 400 million tons of concrete every year and the relative amount of bricks too. Therefore the demand of the concrete, bricks and the required raw materials are very high. This causes the hike in the costs and demand of cement, bricks fine and coarse aggregates. Environmental degradation, high energy consumption and financial constraints has forced various organizations in India and abroad to recommend various qualitative guidelines for generation, treatment, handling, transport, disposal and recycling of non-hazardous and hazardous wastes. On the other side due to exponential growth of population in recent years, there is great demand for construction and thus increasing pressure for use of natural resources causing their acute shortage. There is environmental problem due excessive use of topsoil in brick manufacturing. Natural materials being exhaustible in nature, its quantity is declining gradually. Also, cost of extracting good quality of natural material is increasing. Concerned about this, the scientists are looking for alternative materials for construction, and industrial waste product is one such category. If these materials can be suitably utilized in construction, the pollution and disposal problems can be partly reduced. It is now a global concern, to find a social, techno-economic, environmental friendly solution to sustain a cleaner and greener environment. In recent years, the utilization of solid waste is the challenge for the civil and environmental engineers to utilize economic friendly supplementary cementitious materials produced at reasonable cost with the low possible environmental impact. Some of the researchers successfully tested and used industrial wastes such as blast furnace slag, fly ash etc. which offers benefits like potential savings in natural resources and energy, reduction in impact of CO2 emission, and re-use of wastes which otherwise would have been used as landfill and might require a waste management program. The Industrial systems are linear systems taking in raw material and giving out products and wastes. In their effort to minimize negative impact on environment, industries have been traditionally collecting and treating the wastes before disposal. This approach i.e. end-of-pipe approach, to wastes has been resulting in the removal of pollutants from one medium and placing in some other medium rather than ending the cycle of wastes, leading to the wasteful spending of resources. Further waste management by this approach is proving to be a burden on the industry. The magnitudes of limitations associated with end-ofpipe approach have recently been forcing the industries to examine this approach critically and adopt an alternative waste handling approach. Waste handling approach is leading to environment friendly technology and processes. It integrates both waste reduction approach and end-of-pipe treatment approach. In India around 1000 million tonnes of solid waste is being generated annually as by-products during industrial
Authors and Affiliations
Varinder S Kanwar
Keywords
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- EP ID EP606756
- DOI 10.32474/TCEIA.2018.02.000131
- Views 87
- Downloads 0
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