WATER AUDITING OF A SMALL WATERSHED
Journal Title: International Journal of Agriculture Sciences - Year 2016, Vol 8, Issue 52
Abstract
Water auditing of small watershed was carried out on a small watershed under Agro Ecology and Environment Center, Dr. PDKV, Akola to plan appropriate utilization of water resources. The study emphasizes on proper utilization of water resources based on average crop water evapotranspiration and average soil moisture storage. The rainfall, runoff and evapotranspiration data for the period 2002 to 2014 of AEEC watershed was used to compute water balance using the water balance equation. This indicates the water deficit, water surplus, soil moisture used and soil moisture recharged. It was observed that the water was available either in the form of rainfall or soil moisture storage. In general, the soil moisture was available in 26th, 30th and 36th standard meteorological week (SMW). During 28th and 33rd SMW there may be possibility of moisture stress for the kharif crops and hence provision should be made for supplementary irrigation to overcome the loss due to moisture deficiency during crop growth period. Out of four treatments, viz., along the slope cultivation with opening of tied furrows (T1), contour cultivation with opening of alternative furrows (T2), contour cultivation with opening of furrows (T3) and across the slope cultivation with opening of furrows (T4), maximum positive change in soil moisture storage was observed in T4 treatment. Thus, it is emerged as the best treatment for moisture conservation among all treatments undertaken at watershed. It is observed that during 26th, 30th, and 32nd SMW, there is positive change in moisture storage and also rainfall situation is good. Hence, efforts should be made to harvest excess runoff through farm ponds or suitable water harvesting structures so that it can be used for protective irrigation during moisture stress period. The analysis made in the paper has made it clear that at the critical stages of major crops, the soil moisture storage is available in the region. Whereas, for pigeon pea and black gram, a supplementary irrigation at AEEC watershed is required during the critical stages when these crops are sown in the second fortnight of June.
Authors and Affiliations
M. U. KALE
Keywords
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