Weight of Backpacks and Musculoskeletal Pain among Iranian Elementary School Students
Journal Title: International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences - Year 2017, Vol 7, Issue 14
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the relationship between the weight of backpacks and musculoskeletal pain among Iranian elementary school students. In addition, this study also aims to identify the common pain areas reported among Iranian elementary school students as the result of carrying heavy backpacks. The subjects of the study consisted of 1118 females and 5474 males’ students from elementary school at all different grades. They represented 36 schools which were selected based on stratified random sampling out of all elementary schools in Quchan, Iran. Students as well as their bags and backpacks were separately weighed using a calibrated weight scale. The mean weights of students and their bags and backpacks were also calculated for each grade. Musculoskeletal questionnaire was administered to 23% of female and 9% of male students through an interview procedure to find the difference between males and females musculoskeletal pain. The results showed that the male first and third-graders carried backpacks which were respectively 9.9% and 9.0% of their body weight. While the female first and third-graders’ backpacks and second-graders’ were reported to be heavier with the backpacks weight of 10.2% and 10.4% of their body weights, respectively. It was concluded that elementary students considering their average weight, carry heavy bags to school (higher than the standard bag weight, i.e., 3-5% of body weight). In addition, the findings showed the existence of different musculoskeletal problems among female and male students. The commonest pain areas among males were neck (24.9%) and backbone (24.6%) and among females were knees (51.9%) and shoulders (34.5%).
Authors and Affiliations
Zeinab Ghiami, Karim Khallaghi, Kim Lam Soh
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP645033
- DOI 10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i14/3757
- Views 107
- Downloads 0
Construction And Validity Testing Of Contents For Practitioner Encouragement Of Emotional Intelligence Module (EeiM)
This study aimed to test the validity of the content panel module practitioner for the Encouragement of Emotional Intelligence Module (EeiM). PKe module has five main strategies Strategy 1: Introduction to Emotional Inte...
Evaluating Level of Understanding in Calculus Foundation Course (Smn3013) among Bachelor of Mathematics Education Students
This study discusses on evaluating Level of Understanding of Calculus Foundation base on Level of Numeracy Understanding Model (LNUM) among Bachelor of Mathematics Education students. There are four levels used in this m...
Needs Analysis Research For Programming Education Program
This study was conducted to analyse the needs of computer programming education. The research design used was a case study and a total of 30 participants has taken part in this study. All participants are among programmi...
Lesson Learned from Coaches of Malaysia National Football Development Programme (NFDP): Preferred Career Development Pathway and Accredited Coaching Course
The issues surrounding players and coaches at the elite football in Malaysia have been addressed by a number of scholars. Ironically, however, grassroots football coaches, although many said their role are fundamental to...
Financial Risk, Liquidity Risk and their Effect on the Listed Jordanian Islamic Bank's Performance
The Islamic Banking Industry is growing fast in Jordan, and occupying important status in the global financial position. So the present study focused on illustrate this importance through studying the effect of Financial...