X-Ray, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic features of cardiomyopathy in adults
Journal Title: MedPulse -International Medical Journal - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 2
Abstract
Background: Cardiomyopathies are diseases of heart muscle that result from myriad of insults such as genetic defects, cardiac myocyte injury or infiltration of myocardial tissues. Cardiomyopathies result from insults to both cellular elements of the heart, notably the cardiac myocyte and processes that are external to cells such as deposition of abnormal substances into the extracellular matrix. Cardiomyopathies are traditionally defined on the basis of structural and functional phenotypes like dilated characterized primarily by an enlarged ventricular chamber and reduced cardiac performance, hypertrophic characterized by thickened hypertrophic ventricular walls and enhanced cardiac performance and restrictive characterized by thickened stiff ventricular walls that impede diastolic filling of the ventricle. Methods: This was a prospective study of 50 patients of cardiomyopathy admitted in the medicine department of a tertiary care medical college situated in an urban area. The study was conducted after due approval from institutional ethical committee and obtaining informed consent from the patients. The patients were included in the study on the basis of predefined inclusion criteria. Patients having any exclusion criteria were excluded from the study. Xray, Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic features of the patients were studied. The data was tabulated and analyzed using SPSS 16.0 version software. Results: The study consisted of 50 patients of cardiomyopathy out of which 26 (52%) were males and 24 (48%) were females with a M: F ratio of 1:0.92. Commonest types of cardiomyopathy was found to be dilated cardiomyopathy (46%) followed by ischemic cardiomyopathy (44%). More than 50% of the cases were found to be between the age group of 51 to 70 years. In-Xray findings, 18(78%) out of 23 patients of DCM group show evidence of cardiomegaly with CT ratio more than 0.5, while 9(39%) out of 22 patients of ICM group show evidence of cardiomegaly. Cardiomegaly is not seen in HCM and RCM group. In ECG findings, ST-T changes 82%, T wave changes 69%, left axis deviation 39% and LVH 25% are common abnormalities seen in DCM patients. Conclusion: Cardiomyopathy is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in adult population. Early recognition with the help of Xray, ECG, Echo and prompt management of cardiomyopathy will retard the progression of the disease and reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiomyopathy.
Authors and Affiliations
Pravin B Vanjari, Abhaysinh Bhosale, Santosh S Mali
Keywords
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