Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in pediatric patients: A case report and literature review

Journal Title: Pediatric Urology Case Reports - Year 2016, Vol 3, Issue 5

Abstract

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) is a rare and severe variation of chronic pyelonephritis characterized by suppurative destruction of renal parenchyma and its substitution with chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Male, 8 years old, admitted to the pediatric urology service at 7 years of age, with bladder and renal lithiasis. First symptoms started when he was 2 years old but presented no relapse until he turned 7 years old. During two years he had recurrence of renal lithiasis and underwent multiple surgical procedures. He remained asymptomatic for a short period of time and when presented fever and urinary symptoms again and underwent CT scanning that demonstrated left kidney enlargement associated with calculi and air bubbles in its interior, suggesting xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Uretherostomy was performed and the patient had good clinical improvement. Renal exclusion was documented through scintigraphy and total left nephrectomy was performed, with a large amount of pus drained. Histopathology confirmed XGPN diagnosis. One year after surgery, there has been no recurrent renal lithiasis or urinary tract infection. Despite being a rare condition in children, XGPN has great importance as it can be often confused with pediatric renal tumours. Early diagnosis is important in order to promote better survival and clinical outcomes.

Authors and Affiliations

Carolina Talini, Letícia Alves Antunes, Bruna Cecília Neves de Carvalho, Douglas Fagundes Teixeira, Michael Malca Sepúlveda, Murilo da Silva Padilha, Maria Helena Camargo Peralta del Valle

Keywords

Related Articles

Fournier's gangrene with urethral involvement in a four-year-old child with neuropathic bladder: A rare case report

A four-year-old boy presenting with neuropathic bladder and hydrocephalus developed Fournier’s gangrene of the scrotum and perineum. At first, he was in septic shock and intubated. After debridement and grafting, he was...

Spontaneous resolution of urinary calculi in a congenital solitary kidney: A case report

Spontaneous resolution of a large renal stone burden in adults is a rare occurrence with few reports in the last 50 years. Improved imaging techniques and understanding of the pharmacology of dissolution therapy have led...

Inferior vesical fistula: A rare case report of exstrophy variant with literature review

We present a rare case of exstrophy variant - inferior vesical fistula. A two-year-old boy with normal continence presented with a suprapubic pit and mucosal plate on the penile dorsum. Examination and cystoscopy reveale...

Split-appendix technique: Alternative urinary diversion for pediatric complete incontinence

We report our series of selected patients with complete incontinence in whom the appendix was divided and utilized for creating two continent catheterizable stomas. All patients were treated for urinary and fecal inconti...

Peritonitis caused by Candida albicans: Rare presentation of a refluxing ureteral stump

Ureteral stump syndrome is a medical condition caused by a refluxing distal ureteral remnant left after nephrectomy. Fungal colonization of the ureteral stump is uncommon and distant site infection is exceptional. We pre...

Download PDF file
  • EP ID EP455356
  • DOI 10.14534/PUCR.2016520784
  • Views 58
  • Downloads 0

How To Cite

Carolina Talini, Letícia Alves Antunes, Bruna Cecília Neves de Carvalho, Douglas Fagundes Teixeira, Michael Malca Sepúlveda, Murilo da Silva Padilha, Maria Helena Camargo Peralta del Valle (2016). Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in pediatric patients: A case report and literature review. Pediatric Urology Case Reports, 3(5), 181-187. https://europub.co.uk/articles/-A-455356