Залежність стану примагістральних насаджень від ступеню антропогенної трансформації середовища
Journal Title: Питання біоіндикації та екології - Year 2017, Vol 22, Issue 2
Abstract
Roadside plantations protect a person; they are a barrier to the polluters. The stability of city plantations depends on their species composition, as well as on biodiversity. The purpose of the research was to determine the species composition and to compare the vital conditions of tree-plants of roadside plantations depending on the degree of anthropogenic loading. Two streets on the left-bank part of the city, which differ in the degree of anthropogenic loading, were surveyed. The total length of roadside plantations is about 10 km (412 trees, which belong to 24 species, were identified). All identified species are growing on Manuilivsky Prospekt, only 7 species appear on Rostovska street. By the number of specimens, maple is more prevalent than Aсer platanoides, and also a large number of specimens are represented by Tilia platyphyllos and T. cordata, Juglans regia, Robinia pseudoacacia, Ulmus pumila, Populus bolleana. Moderately weakened and severely weakened specimens represents the vital conditions. Dead-standing trees are 3,4 % of samples. The best condition shows Betula pendula, Morus alba, Populus pyramidalis, Picea pungens f. glauca, most of which grow in roadside squares. The worst condition represents maple of Acer negundo, Tilia platyphyllos and T. cordata (young specimens), Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus bolleana, and Juglans regia, which are mainly located in the holes in the asphalt directly beside the road. On the avenue with high traffic intensity, the condition of the trees is much worse: more than half of the trees are specimens of moderate weakness, about a quarter is strongly weakened, and the share of dying and dead trees is accounted up to 6.7 %. On the street with low traffic intensity, the trees of the last two categories were not detected at all. The highest point of vital condition have the trees of the squares. Trees that occupy lanes near the highways mainly have moderate condition; a quarter of them is strongly weakened. Estimation of phytosanitary condition of plantations showed that the largest share of trees has dry branches – more than 43 %, as well as common necrosis and chlorosis of leaves (mainly on the Aсer platanoides). Frost cracks are mainly discovered on Populus bolleana. В результате обследования древесных примагистральных насаждений 2-х улиц левобережной части города Днепр выявлено 24 вида и 18 родов растений. Установлено, что подавляющее большинство растений относится к таким видам, как клен остролистный, орех грецкий, робиния лжеакация, липа сердцелистная. На жизненное состояние деревьев существенно влияют как интенсивность автомобильного движения, так и способ посадки: лучшее состояние присуще деревьям, которые растут в небольших придорожных скверах. Деревья, расположенные непосредственно у магистрали в лунках на асфальте, отнесены к категориям сильно ослабленных и отмирающих. Это большинство экземпляров клена ясенелистного, липы сердцелистной, тополя Болле и ореха грецкого. Низкую приживаемость также отмечено у молодых экземпляров лип, высаженных вместо погибших деревьев в лунки.
Authors and Affiliations
Пономарьова О. А. Ponomaryova E. A.
Keywords
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