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Resources Management and Future: Welcome to the Sustainable Resources Management Journal

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Sustainable Resources Management Journal 2019/Sep/29

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Abstract

Sustainable resource management is often defined as the planning and decision making process that seeks to organize and balance the social, economic and environmental demands on resource use to achieve future sustainable benefits. The future of generation and the quality of life for people today will require standing on the use and consumption of natural resources, including materials, energy and land. Exploring new potentials of using suitable raw material streams for developing new products in close co-operation with the concerned sectors is significantly important. Most things that we produce end up at a landfill; our planet has limited amounts of resources. The current ways of producing and consuming products have therefore led to problems such as climate change, a decrease of available resources and pollution of our air, soil and water. The wise use of our resources is important to the environment and existence.

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38

Micro-Hydropower Plant - Energy Solution Used in Rural Areas, Mozambique

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Sustainable Resources Management Journal 2019/Sep/29

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Abstract

Expanding electricity access and energy in rural area in center of Mozambique is a challenge. Microhydropower plant is one of the solutions to provide electricity. However, selecting the power plant size and the turbine type in designing hydropower system is critical. Giving specific site characteristics of head and flow to find specific turbine is necessary to select appropriate turbine. The main objective of this paper is to develop a methodology to select the best turbine that can be used in the micro-hydropower plant at Chimenza river - Manica in Mozambique. Flow duration curve and exceedance probability equation was successfully used to characterize the water flow of the river. The accurate measurement of the head and flow discharge will determine the best type of power plant size and turbine type. According to the result, the optimum flow was 0.29 m3 /s combined with head. The appropriate turbine for this scheme is Pelton type with efficiency of 0.85% and the power capacity will be 157.2 kW

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30

Synthesis of Zeolites Prepared from Coal Bottom Ash: Influence of Time, Temperature and NaOH Concentration

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Sustainable Resources Management Journal 2019/Sep/29

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Abstract

Nowadays, the main application of coal mine in the world is to produce energy through thermoelectric power plants. Energy generation is always associated with the production of enormous amounts of ashes, both bottom and fly ashes. The main objective of this work is to study the effect of time, temperate and concentration on Synthetic zeolites produced from utilizing minerals of coal bottom ash. However, for the factor significance analysis, factorial planning of two levels and three factors was used, where eight experiments were obtained, and the results of FTIR transmittance showed favorable variation in time and temperature, and the variation of the NaOH concentration was not significant. It was concluded that the concentration of NaOH only influences the zeolites formation when combined with the crystallization time.

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33

Water Quality, Availability and Potential of Geothermal Energy Utilization, Afra Water, Jordan

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Sustainable Resources Management Journal 2019/Sep/29

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Abstract

Reusing of 3.3 MCM (million cubic meter) of water every year from utilizing thermal water of the hot springs will boost the availability of water at the Dead Sea area. This water represent an additional sources of water for agribusiness in which all available springs and similar sources can follow the same way of successful. In this work the water quality of Afra hot springs was analysed at source and compared with the water at downstream at the Dead Sea area. Microbial analysis found no traces for faecal coliform and E.coli bacteria which lower the risk for contract diseases when the water is used for irrigation without any prior treatment. The water at upstream rich with high trace of metals with a significant content of bicarbonate, BOD5 and COD but within Jordanian standards for irrigation purposes. Slight variations between physicochemical parameters and trace metal contents found between the water from the source and the water at the downstream because of surface runoff interactions at the way down. Afra spring water at the source is considered as low-enthalpy geothermal sources, as the temperature is range between 45-48 oC, therefore, power generation is unlikely to be possible. However, it can be used in curative water tourist. According to the water quality and availability, different suggestions for treatment and uses will be defined in this paper. Furthermore, to evaluate the potential uses at the downstream

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34

Geomorphological evolution and sediment yield from scree slopes with projection in the glacier watersheds of Tuni and Condoriri, Bolivia

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Sustainable Resources Management Journal 2019/Sep/29

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Abstract

This paper describes the sediment yield production from the most active areas in the glacier watershed of Tuni/Condoriri in Bolivia, represented by mobile fans, and based on the short monitored program carried out during rainy season in 2012-2013. The sediment yields in the slopes and temporal analysis of scree slope forms, considering almost 50 years of lapsed, explains geomorphological evolution and changes; therefore the perception should be valid for the rest of catchments over the Cordillera Real in Bolivia. There was found that sediment production from scree slopes at yearly scale is very similar to suspend sediment in one of the mean streams. The first type mostly is retained by the glacier catchments, which means for bed load very rare contribution, but the suspended sediment is evacuated from the catchments; thus this is the only source contributing on the glacier lakes sedimentation. The geomorphological changes will depend on the faster scree slope evolution, also on the extension of the vegetation cover which is increasing on the same time that the glaciers are decreasing due to climate changes. Up to no know the only driving factor explaining the sediment production is related to slopes. Regarding to effective precipitation, the results found is very ambiguous by now.

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31

Innovative Solution for Additional Water Resources at the Jordan Valley Area

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Sustainable Resources Management Journal 2019/Sep/29

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Abstract

AL-Karama dam, the second largest dam in Jordan, was constructed in the Jordan valley area in the year 1979. Currently, the dam holds about 72% of its designed storage capacity with total dissolved solids concentration of 2.2%. The dam water was designed to irrigate 100 km2 of new reclaimed areas and to provide drinking water for more than 30,000 residences. In this work, solar desalination system was suggested. The suggested innovative solution is designed to increase the dam efficiency and to increase water availability annually by 3.3 MCM in phase one to reach 9.2 MCM in the final plan. Furthermore to increase the irrigated areas by 20% in Jordan valley area. Considering the water availability, population and costs, small-scale solar desalination plant with reverse osmosis membrane is recommended.

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34

National Water Resources Management Authority for A Sustainable Water Use in Rwanda

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Sustainable Resources Management Journal 2019/Sep/29

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Abstract

The rapid population growth increases water demand and affects water allocation systems as well as water resources management plans to satisfy the basic water needs for both human and nature. This has called upon the adoption of the integrated water resources management (IWRM) approach which promotes the coordination and management of water, land and related resources to maximize the economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the ecosystem. Water management and the implementation of IWRM approach cannot be achieved without proper working institutions that can coordinate and manage the implementation strategies. The aim of this paper is to establish a national water resources management authority in Rwanda that will manage and coordinate the national water resources in a sustainable way taking the water resources management bodies in Rwanda, in comparison with the Kenyan water resources management bodies as a good example. An extensive review was conducted using governmental documents, and key institutional elements were analyzed by evaluating their performance in comparing with the Kenyan institutions. The paper revealed that Rwandan water resources management is a fragmented way and the level of control is sophisticated without taking into consideration the management of water resources at a catchment level, which affects the coordination, management and the implementation of water policies. The results show that most of the water laws and policies in Rwanda should be changed and establish the Rwandan water resources management Authority that has the power to control and coordinate the water resources implementation policies.

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32

Establishing Small-Scale Salt-Gradient Solar Pond Experiment, Dead SeaJordan

Authors:

Sustainable Resources Management Journal 2019/Sep/29

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Abstract

An experiment for salinity-gradient solar pond has been constructed and operated at the Dead Sea area over a period of 3 months. The pond has a volume of 5m3 with dimensions of (L, H, W) as 2.0m, 2.0m and 1,25m respectively. The two parameters temperature and salinity concentration profiles were evaluated through the measurements of the solar pond with respect to time. The experimental result shows that the bottom layer has a higher temperature and it reached a maximum temperature of 85 ℃ after 100 hour of operating. In this experiment, the thermal insulation for the pond was successful to keep the boundaries isolated that made it possible to extract the thermal energy stored in the bottom zone during the day time, continuously, while maintaining the stability of the solar pond. The total cost of the pond was about $35/sqm, in which the cost of the salt represents 45% of the total cost of the solar pond which is relatively cheap. Therefore, constructing the ponds close to the Dead Sea area is a cheaper alternative. Resulting low cost of utilizing thermal energy that could be a valuable option for multistage flash desalination plant that is functioning below 100 ℃. The operation of this pond reveals that solar pond technology in the Dead Sea area, as compared with other methods of using solar thermal energy for power generation, is more efficient especially for the utilities where direct thermal energy is required.

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