3ZnO/TiO2 Coupled Oxides LLDPE Nanocomposite: Effect of Various Weight Percent of Sol-gel Synthesized Catalyst on Structural and Bacteriostatic Activity Against S. Aureus and E. Coli
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2018, Vol 8, Issue 4
Abstract
In this study, coupled oxide 3ZnO:1TiO2 (3ZT) synthesized by sol-gel method with different weight percentage were incorporated in linear low- density polyethylene (LLDPE] for antimicrobial application. The nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed across the surface due to the casting method adopted in this work. The formation of heterojunction of 3ZT and crystalline nature of the phases and high quantity of surface oOH resulted in LLDPE nanocomposites with higher adsorption water molecules property, thus causing a substantial improvement in photocatalytic reaction. The antimicrobial results indicate LLDPE incorporated with coupled oxide 3ZT was active in inactivating Gram-positive; Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus] and Gram-negative; Escherichia coli (E. coli]. S. aureus was found to be more susceptible in killing as compared to E. coli, under visible light. The best inactivation up to 100% was able to achieve for both bacteria in LLDPE with 10wt.% under visible light due to more Zn ion and oOH release at a specific incubation time. Microbial contamination poses a major threat to human health. Many diseases spread due to the bacterial infections, which cause significant economic and personal losses [1]. Hence, antimicrobial modification of surfaces to prevent growth of detrimental microorganism is highly desired. In biomedical devices such as catheters, prosthetics and implants, surface microbial invasion can result in serious infection and device failure [2]. Surface-centered infections also implicated in food spoilage, spread of foodborne disease and biofouling of materials [3]. Hence, there is significant interest in the development of antimicrobial materials and surfaces for applications in the health and biomedical device industry, food industry and personal hygiene industry. Incorporation of antimicrobial agents directly into polymers [4-6] have gained priority in research [7] due to unique properties such as strong antibacterial activity at low concentrations [8], stable in extreme conditions[9], non-toxic [10], and some of them even contain mineral elements essential to the human body [9]. Various metal and metal oxides such as silver (Ag], gold (Au], copper (Cu], titanium dioxide (TiO2], and zinc oxide (ZnO] has been incorporated in polymeric materials [11,12]. Among them TiO2 has been one of the most versatile antimicrobial agents due to its excellent photocatalytic antimicrobial activity over a broad spectrum of microorganism. The antimicrobial properties of TiO2 are attributed to the high redox potential of ROS generated by the photo-excitation. Chawengkijwanich and Hayata, [13] developed TiO2 powder- coated packaging film and verified its ability to reduce E. coIi contamination on food surface. TiO2 nanoparticles was reported to kill viruses including hepatitis B virus [14] and herpes simplex virus [15]. Recently, Ramesh and co-workers [16] reported the potential application of TiO2 photocatalyst in the food sector. The U.S. FDA has approved the use of TiO2 in human food, drugs, cosmetics and food contact materials [17]. Zinc oxide (ZnO] is frequently considered as an alternative to TiO2 for photocatalytic applications [18]. Currently, it is listed as one of five zinc compounds that is generally recognized as safe (GRAS] by the U.S. FDA [17]. Wang et al. [19] reported ZnO nanoparticles exhibit strong antibacterial property over a broad range of microorganism. Azam and co-workers [20] found that ZnO has the highest bactericidal activity against both Gram-negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa] and Gram-positive (S. aureus and B. subtilis] bacteria compared to CuO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Nevertheless, the potential of single phase TiO2 and ZnO to achieve complete inactivation is hindered due to high recombination of electron and holes. Besides, the incorporation of these particles in polymer matrix further reduce the water uptake, ion and ROS migration thus reduce their inactivation capacity.
Authors and Affiliations
Khairul Arifah Saharudin, Srimala Sreekantan, Norfatehah Basiron, Rabiatul Basria SMN Mydin, Nor Hazliana Harun, Lim Jit Kang, Azman Seeni
Keywords
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- EP ID EP586018
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.08.001681
- Views 131
- Downloads 0
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