A Case of Anti NMDA Antibody Encephalitis
Journal Title: International Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR) - Year 2019, Vol 4, Issue 7
Abstract
Antibody-mediated encephalitides constitute a group of inflammatory brain diseases that are characterized by prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms and are associated with antibodies against neuronal cell-surface proteins, ion channels, or receptors. Common clinical features include a change in behavior, psychosis, seizures, memory and cognitive deficits, abnormal movements, dysautonomia, and a decreased level of consciousness. The estimated annual incidence of all types of encephalitis is approximately 5 to 8 cases per 100,000 persons, and in 40 to 50% of the cases, the cause cannot be established. A prospective, multicenter, population-based study suggests that autoimmune disorders are the third most common cause of encephalitis, after infections, usually viral, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, which is typically a postinfectious disorder. The frequency of the most common form of autoimmune encephalitis, the type with antibodies against the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), surpasses the frequency of any individual viral cause of encephalitis in young persons, and in one retrospective study, anti-NMDAR encephalitis accounted for 1% of all admissions of young adults to an intensive care unit. The patient discussed here is a 47- year old male who presented to our casualty as a case of fever and abnormal behaviour which started suddenly. Patient was evaluated thoroughly and the diagnosis of anti- NMDA antibody encephalitis was made. Patient was treated with IV methylprednisolone 1g for 5 days after which he didn’t improve much. An alternative therapy with IVIGs was made after which patient improved significantly.
Authors and Affiliations
Omar Farooq
Keywords
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