A Cross Sectional Prevalence Survey of different Ocular Morbidity in School Children of Gwalior Chambal Region of MP
Journal Title: Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences - Year 2016, Vol 4, Issue 3
Abstract
The prevalence of blind children in India is surmounting with an estimated 320,000 blind children, higher than any other country in the world. Considering the fact that 30% of India’s blind population loses their sight before the age of 20 years, the importance of early detection and treatment of ocular diseases and visual impairment in young is of high priority. The Aims and Objectives is to study the prevalence and pattern of ocular morbidity in school children, as well as to study treatable and non-treatable causes. The Materials and Methods is the data collection instrument was a pretested structured questionnaire. The preliminary examination of school children was done at the respective schools. Detailed history, including family history, about the current problems and past problem was recorded. Chi-square test was used to observe associations of ocular morbidity in respect to age, sex, treatable and non treatable diseases. Level of significance was assessed at 5%. In Results a cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 schools of Gwalior region involving 5000 children between the age group of 5-16 years. Prevalence of ocular morbidity in school going children was found to be 14.5%. Among 725 cases of ocular diseases, prevalence of refractive error was 5.52%, Vitamin A deficiency was 3.66%, conjunctivitis was 1.62%, squint was 0.86%, injury was 0.54%, blepharitis was 0.48%, chalazion 0.42%, stye was 0.42%, pterygium was 0.36%, corneal opacity was 0.26%, ptosis was 0.24%, developmental cataract was 0.08% and colour blindness was 0.04%. Refractive error (5.52%) was the most common cause of ocular morbidity in school going children followed by vitamin A deficiency (3.66%) and conjunctivitis (1.62%). Myopia was most common among refractive errors. Prevalence of ocular diseases were more common in the age group of 8-12 years(7.5%) followed by 12-16 years (4.46%) and 5-8 years age group(2.54%). In Conclusion the School going children’s are at risk of getting eye problems ranging from just ocular morbidity to blindness. Some conditions such as refractive errors and cataract are treatable and vitamin A deficiency is largely preventable. Many ocular diseases have their origin in childhood and the morbidity may go unnoticed and adversely affect the child’s performance in school and may also cause severe ocular disability in the later part of life. Effective methods of ocular screening in school children are useful in detecting correctable causes of decreased vision, especially refractive errors and in minimizing long-term visual disability. Keywords: prevalence; ocular morbidity; school children; treatable and non-treatable disease.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Ritu Chaturvedi, Dr. Girish Dutt Chaturvedi, Dr. Man Bahadur Rajpoot
Keywords
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