A RETROSPECTIVE DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FRACTURES OF ZYGOMA IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OVER A PERIOD OF A DECADE
Journal Title: Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences - Year 2018, Vol 7, Issue 34
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zygoma is a very crucial component, which maintains facial contour. Fracture and dislocation of this bone not only causes cosmetic defects, but also disrupts ocular and mandibular functions. Fractures can involve any of the four articulations of zygoma, which include zygomaticomaxillary complex, zygomatic complex and orbitozygomatic complex. Management depends on a thorough preoperative physical examination with special attention to the ophthalmologic assessment. Fractures involving zygoma should be repaired at the earliest, because it can cause both functional and cosmetic defects. These fractures are common in our institution and a study is being undertaken to study the causes, pattern of fractures, the diagnostic and treatment modalities adopted. The aim of this study is to analyse the cause, age and gender, incidence, sites of fracture of zygoma, various combinations of fractures, diagnostic and treatment modalities that were used. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective descriptive study includes 366 patients with fractures of zygoma treated in the Department of Plastic Surgery at Gandhi Medical College between the years 2008 - 2017. The history obtained, clinical examination and diagnostic tests done were analysed. Incidence, age, gender, site of fracture, side of fracture, aetiology and method of management and the outcome after surgery were the different variables analysed. RESULTS 366 patients with fractures of zygoma were analysed. There is a rise of incidence ranging from as low as 12.96% to as high as 62.50% of total fracture of faciomaxillary cases during the decade. Males were more frequently involved (88.79%) in comparison to females. The commonly involved age group was between 21 - 30 years (36.88%). Most of the patients sustained injuries due to road traffic accidents (78.14%). Body of the zygoma was involved in 33.33% of total cases of fracture zygoma cases. X-rays, digital x-rays and 3D computerised tomography were used as the diagnostic modalities. Open reduction and internal fixation with plate and screws was done in 50.27% of cases. Complications like wound infection, plate exposure were noted in 8.46% (31 out of 366 patients). CONCLUSION Road traffic accidents were found to be the common cause of fractures of the zygoma. Awareness regarding traffic rules and regulations and counselling youth regarding hazards of drunken driving, bike and car races on public roads should to be done. In young males, body of the zygoma was more commonly involved. Early intervention enabled good functional and aesthetic outcomes. Patients with restricted mouth opening can be attended to by either redo-ORIF or dilatations with Heister’s dilator or by insertion of the ice cream sticks by increasing them progressively.
Authors and Affiliations
Pokkula Ramesh, Erugurala Mahendar, Arige Subodh Kumar, M. Arjun Reddy, Challuri Anita
Keywords
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- EP ID EP544764
- DOI 10.14260/jemds/2018/846
- Views 65
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