A REVIEW ON PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLASSIFICATION AND LONG TERM COURSE OF DEPRESSION
Journal Title: International Research Journal of Pharmacy (IRJP) - Year 2012, Vol 3, Issue 3
Abstract
Depression is an etiologically heterogeneous group of brain disorders characterized by a wide range of symptoms that reflect alterations in cognitive, psychomotor and emotional processes. Depression is a common problem affecting about 121 million people world-wide. It occurs in persons of all genders, ages, and back- grounds. The human stress experience contributes to the pathogenesis of depression, and may also play a role in the severity and recurrence of this debilitating illness. Despite its prevalence and social impact, its prognosis and management are often poor, not only due to the heterogeneity of this ailment, but also our lack of knowledge of the pathophysiology underlying depression. Various areas of brain like forebrain, hippocampus, amygdala, limbic system and medial prefrontal cortex appear to be implicated in depression. The two most well accepted international systems are the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association and the International Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) of the World Health Organization (WHO). Depression refers to a wide range of mental health problems which is characterized by Depressed mood most of the day, anhedonia, large increase or decrease in appetite, insomnia, psychomotor agitation (evident by, for example, hand wringing) or slowness of movement, fatigue or loss of energy, Indecisiveness or diminished ability to think or concentrate, Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt, Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide. Despite our increased understanding of both its pathophysiology and treatment, depression remains highly prevalent, accounting for more disability than any other disorder world wide.
Authors and Affiliations
Ashwani Arya , Preeti Verma
Keywords
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