A Review on tuberculosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection
Journal Title: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES - Year 2018, Vol 4, Issue 1
Abstract
TB is the most common opportunistic infection and the leading cause of death among people living with HIV and AIDS. Tuberculosis a disease caused by a microorganism called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pulmonary TB is an airborne disease. When people with active pulmonary TB cough, sneeze, speak, sing, or spit, they expel infectious aerosol droplets 0.5 to 5.0 µm in diameter. One third of the world's population is thought to have been infected with M .tuberculosis, with new infections occurring at a rate of about one per second. In 2010, there were an estimated 8.8 million new cases and 1.5 million associated deaths, mostly occurring in developing countries. The 22 high burden countries, as defined by WHO, are those countries that cover 63% of the world’s population and that account for approximately 80% of the estimated number of new TB cases occurring worldwide each year; some of these countries are also among those with the highest incidence rates of TB per capital. One third of the world’s population, two billion people, carries the TB bacteria. More than nine million of these become sick each year with active TB that can be spread to others. Latent TB disease cannot be spread. HIV has been documented as the most important risk factor for TB incidence and death. It has also been documented that TB co‐infection enhances the multiplication of HIV and accelerates the progression of the infection. Because each speeds up the progression of the other, the alliance between TB and HIV has greatest impact in regions of the world where the two infections are on the increase, particularly Africa and the Asia. Tuberculosis (TB)—a contagious bacterial infection that mainly affects the lungs—is a global public health problem. In 2009, 9.4 million people developed TB, and 1.7 million people died from the disease; a quarter of these deaths were in HIV-positive individuals.
Authors and Affiliations
Ochei Kingsley Chinedum1 , *Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi2 , Emma Akpan 1 , and Ezeh-Ifeanyi Gloria Ndidiamaka3 and Ekelozie Ifeoma Stella4
Keywords
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- EP ID EP550407
- DOI 10.22192/ijcrms.2018.04.01.008
- Views 151
- Downloads 0
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