A study of effect of zinc on hospital stay in children of age 3 to 36 months admitted with pneumonia
Journal Title: MedPulse -International Medical Journal - Year 2016, Vol 3, Issue 4
Abstract
Introduction: Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung. It is often characterized as including inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung (that is, the alveoli) and abnormal alveolar filling with fluid (consolidation and exudation). Aims and objectives: To study the effect of zinc on hospital stay in children of age 3 to 36 moths admitted with pneumonia. Material and Method: The present study was conducted in the department of pediatrics of MIMSR medical college and Yashvantrao Chavan Rural Hospital, Latur. Total 100 patients of pneumonia were selected and were allotted to two groups by using the Stratified randomization containing 50 patients each. Group I (study group): Zinc along with antibiotics given. Group II (control group): Only Antibiotic; No Zinc supplementation given. Informed consent was taken from parents of the eligible children for participation in the study. Eligible children were randomly selected in study and control group. Each child was given a unique child identification number. Zinc or placebo syrup bottles were labelled with unique child identification number. Baseline data of all the children was collected on prestructured and pretested proforma by directly interviewing parents or guardians of children. Enrolled children were given standard treatment for pneumonia in the form of oxygen, intravenous fluids, bronchodilators and parenteral antibiotics. Intravenous fluids were removed once respiratory distress had settled and child accepting orally. Zinc group received 20 mg of elemental zinc per day as a single dose for seven days. The study group and control group were examined daily from the date of admission till date of discharge. Total duration of hospital stay was counted at the time of discharge in both groups. Results: The age and sexwise distribution in zinc and no zinc group showed no statistically significant difference. Among the various danger signs observed inability to drink was observed in 50% cases in zinc group and 40% in non zinc group. It was followed by lethargy (38% zinc and 30% no zinc group). Contact with patient with RTI was the most common risk factor observed. Signs of retraction such as nasal flaring, sub costal retraction, sub sternal retraction, inter costal retraction and grunting was present in some cases in both the groups with nearly same distribution. The mean time required for disappearance of danger sign was 52.3±31.69hrs in zinc group and 64.64±27.81hrs in no zinc group. The difference observed in time required for disappearance of danger sign was statistically significant. It was observed that 84% patients from zinc group had hospital stay of 4-7 days whereas in no zinc group 74% had hospital stay of 4-7 days. The mean duration of hospital stay in zinc group was 6.16 ± 1.35days and in no zinc group was 6.6 ± 1.4days and the difference observed was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The danger signs were relived faster in zinc group with statistically significant difference. Even though the difference was not statistically significant, Zinc has reduced the mean duration of hospital stay. Thus the study on large group of patients will elaborate the results in detail.
Authors and Affiliations
Gaurav P Mahajan, B B Lawate, Jitendra Surwade, Ektma Gupta
Keywords
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