ACUTE TOXICITY, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF CASSIA ALATA LINN
Journal Title: International Research Journal of Pharmacy (IRJP) - Year 2012, Vol 3, Issue 6
Abstract
Cassia alata Linn is an important medicinal plant as well as an ornamental flowering plant that has diverse reported medicinal values. This study focused on the evaluation of the phytochemical components, antibacterial as well as acute toxicity studies. The leaves of the plant were collected, dried, ground and extracted using 95% ethanol and water. The extracts were used for acute toxicity study, phytochemical screening and antibacterial assay using cup-plate method. The result from this study revealed the presence of saponins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, reducing sugars and terpenes. The concentrations of these bioactive components were slightly higher in ethanol than in aqueous leaf extract. The antibacterial effects produced by the extracts was dose dependent at the tested doses (20 mg to 160 mg) on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. The aqueous leaf extract showed higher activity on Escherichia coli than ethanol extract at 160 mg (p<0.05), whereas ethanol leaf extract had higher activity than aqueous leaf extract on Salmonella typhi at the same dose (p<0.05). The MIC for aqueous leaf extract ranged between 3.50 mg and 25.15 mg, while that of ethanol leaf extract was from 1.41 mg to 3.55 mg on the organisms tested. This study showed that ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts contain some secondary bioactive metabolites that may be responsible for the observed antibacterial activity and thus supports the traditional use of the plant in the management of typhoid fever and other infections caused by susceptible organisms.
Authors and Affiliations
SY Timothy , FW Lamu , AS Rhoda , RG Adati , ID Maspalma , M Askira
Keywords
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