Administratively-fundamental legal principles of state policy implementation concerning houses of worship in the Ukrainian SSR: theory and practice (mid 1940s – latter half of the 1950s)
Journal Title: Eminak - Year 2016, Vol 2, Issue 2
Abstract
Most of the monuments of historical-architectural significance in the Ukrainian SSR were functional houses of worship. On this basis, the article analyses the principles of state policy implementation concerning houses of worship of the Russian Orthodox Church in the context of overall situation in the field of preservation of architectural monuments in USSR and Ukrainian SSR through the prism of formation processes of special bodies and citizen advocacy organisations and the main directions of their activities in protection sphere of historical and cultural legacy. Gain a better understanding of the status of houses of worship, a number of resolutions, laws and regulations which were declaratively aimed at protecting of cultural monuments including religious worship purpose are considered in the article. The author notes that mid of the 1940s – 1950s was marked as normalization of relationship between church and state, turn from dominant undervaluation the importance of historical and cultural heritage in pre-war times to carrying out the focused policy for its save and use. Dominant command-and-control methods of management of economic and cultural life of the country intervened the implementation of major events for preservation of historical and cultural sites. Destruction of many valuable sacral objects was largely caused by a loss of control over the preservation and restoration of monuments in the mid-1950s. At that time the relatively liberal views of the highest-ranking Communist party members on relationship between church and state were becoming gradually antireligious. This resulted the unjustified reduction the numbers of houses of worship, which were taken under government’s protection, sharp decrease of provisions for their preservation and led to the actual breakdown of the established system for monument protection. Due to the total disinterest of highest-ranking Communist party members in preserving of religious worship heritage, the wide range of unique church buildings were destroyed or were led to dire state in the first half of the 1950s. However the main cause of destruction of the wide range of outstanding sacral monuments is the consciously implemented antichurch policy which was carried out by the highest party and state institutions and was aimed at destruction of basic material resources of religion.
Authors and Affiliations
Julia Pomaz
Keywords
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