AMERİKAN SİYASET BİLİMİNİN İDEOLOJİK İŞLEVSELLİĞİ: SİYASAL GELİŞME KAVRAYIŞI
Journal Title: Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi - Year 2019, Vol 6, Issue 1
Abstract
ÖZ Siyasal gelişme kavrayışı İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında, Amerikan siyaset bilimi içinde üretilmiş; ardından siyaset bilimi literatüründe hâkim bir konuma ulaşmıştır. 1970’lere kadar süren hâkimiyet Soğuk Savaş’ın belirleyiciliği altındaki tarihsel koşullarından bağımsız değildir. Bu tarihsel süreç içinde yaşanan sosyal bilimlerdeki kuramsal ve metodolojik değişimler Amerikan siyaset bilimi üzerinde kaçınılmaz olarak etkide bulunmuştur. Çalışmada, pozitivizmin öncülüğündeki söz konusu kuramsal ve metodolojik gelişmelerin bilimsellik vasfı sorgulanarak Amerikan siyaset bilimine yönelik eleştirel bir değerlendirilme yapılacaktır. Böylece Amerikan siyaset biliminin, tam da eleştirdiği boyutu ile ideolojik işlevsellik edindiğinin ortaya konması amaçlanmaktadır. EXTENDED SUMMARY Research Subject At the center of the study is the comprehension of political development that produced after World War II and which reached to a dominant position in American political science. The comprehension of political development, which became widespread under the determinism of the conditions of the Cold War, remained important until the 1970’s. Its pioneering role in the process of emergence undertook theoretical developments in the social sciences accompanying historical conditions. The study focuses on the theoretical developments in the process of the development of the comprehension of political development and their relation to the Cold War ideology. Purpose The purpose of the study is to critically evaluate the comprehension of political development. This critical evaluation is limited to the ideological functionality of American political science. Literature Review There is a large literature on the comprehension of political development The first period of political development studies in the 1950’s and 1960’s was related to the new nations in Africa and Asia. These studies are a case study for the selected country. In addition, a series of researches that addressed the relationship between the comprehension of political development with its epistemological problems took place under the umbrella of the SSRC (Social Science Research Council). In this context, political development studies pointed to the break-up of a legal-formal period and the emergence of an empirical and behavioral literature. There is limited criticizing studies related with the comprehension of the political development of this literature and of the fact that American political science turned into ideological construction. In this sense, the analysis of the comprehension of political development on the axis of science and ideology is expected to be a contribution to literature. Methodology The main problematic of the study is to shape the theories and ideas related to the comprehension of political development within the framework of American politics and foreign policy. The two main problems which are associated with each other and which are distributed from this main vein are the framework of the study: The first is the transformation of the political development of the American political science into an ideological building process; the second is the realization of the construction process in opposition to science, especially American political science and ideology. In analyzing the research problems, dividing the concept of ideology into positive and negative meaning was used as an important analysis tool. Conclusion In this study, the theoretical and methodological aspects of the comprehension of political development and its relationship with the area studies was emphasized and the assumption that the comprehension is related to the American politics and foreign policy of the Cold War period was supported. The ideological functioning of the comprehension of political development through the so-called detachment of ideology by the criteria of American political science is not independent of America's attempt to exert superiority in the world. With this approach that includes the opposition to science and ideology, epistemological, methodological data was mobilized to represent the science. This data, under the scope of positivist political theory, is a reflection of the attempt to put forward the comprehension of political development as a purely scientific concept free of values and ideology. With the scientific approach limited by factual evaluation, the ways of questioning, discussing and criticizing are closed and the existing order; in other words, reinforcement of the American-led superiority became possible. Science has become instrumental in a very different way from the means of intervention in the classical colonial system. American political science intertwined with American politics and foreign policy, transformed science into an ideological function. The comprehension of political development for other countries and especially for the newly freed countries in the form of colonialism has been placed in a central position and has constituted a concrete framework for this ideological construction process. In other words, while American political science is protecting itself with scientism, its scientificity has become questionable. In this case, the distinction between science and ideology which sharpened under the leadership of positivism and the function attributed to science by this distinction led American political science to an ideological dimension which it opposed.
Authors and Affiliations
Rezzan Ayhan Turkbay
Keywords
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- EP ID EP551914
- DOI 10.30798/makuiibf.442292
- Views 142
- Downloads 0
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