Analiza procesu transportowego na przykładzie wybranego przedsiębiorstwa transportowo-spedycyjnego podczas przewozu truskawek. Część 4, Praktyczne wykonanie operacji przewozowej z analizą logistyczną
Journal Title: Autobusy. Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe - Year 2017, Vol 208, Issue 6
Abstract
Four parts of the article presented planning activities connected with the process of perishable goods transport, in this case–frozen strawberries. After the harvest strawberries need to be chilled immediately and transported to customer in a controlled temperature environment. (0-1ºC). Strawberries do not emit ethylene and are not susceptible to ethylene as well. Transport and forwarding company that deals with food carriage, especially of products that require being stored and transported in a controlled temperature environment, needs to meet many technical, organizational, administrative and legal criteria. Apart from rigorous legal requirements that all carriers must fulfill, food carriage is regulated by many provisions and standards connected with food and nutrition security. The analyzed operation relates to transport of fresh strawberries classified as top standard quality (class I) which increases technical demands for means of transport, but also which forces workers, transport managers and all transport process participants to plan and organize transport operation in a detailed manner. This may minimize the risk of load damage, at the same time keeping transport duration relatively short. The choice was influenced mainly by: loading capacities of trailers, fuel consumption, systems of trailers equipment related to securing of the load. The choice of two-level floor, adjustable in height allows to load sixty pallets at one time (the order requires transport of sixty-four pallets) where in the case of Krone chillers’ trailers despite a low rate of a vehicle payload, there would be a need to use another set or organize additional transport which would increase the costs of transport operation. Regulations and standards described here, together with higher demands of clients and final strawberries consumers, force the carrier to use modern means of transport. The choice of means of transport was done on the basis of new vehicles available in the trucks market. Economic analysis revealed high cist of a vehicle depreciation (from an accounting perspective) which constitutes an important share (about 40% of total operation costs). However, using old vehicles increases the risk of exceeding delivery date, and prevents meeting the standards connected with food transport, safety and environment protection. I took into consideration volume and weight of goods in terms of number of pallets and range of transport temperatures. I also chose freezing truck trailer FRC which together with semitrailer tractor became an articulated vehicle. Carrying capacity rate is 39% and load area rate is only 70% which suggests that the load is more volume than weight specific. A transport route was quite long, however it’s used often and checked in terms of traffic fluidity which allows us to estimate the probable transport duration. Shorter route does not always mean shorter transport duration. When planning a route, it is wise to use already checked routes and express roads such as highways. An account of daily working period of a driver shows that all breaks were taken, rest and working periods were lawfully kept. A report on chiller temperature indicates that temperature during transport operation was on a proper level and did not exceed the level determined by the customer. Introduction of TUL analysis allows to state which elements of transport process are most and the least time-consuming. Transport itself takes about 73% of time which is a large part of transport operation. However, this figure depends on many factors including: length of routes, traffic flow, traffic hindrances or type of roads. Other activities that appear during transport operations are: load, unload, waiting for load and unload, or vehicles’ control. The operation time should be reduced by minimizing the amount of time that is needed for the activities listed above. Technical inspection of a vehicle could be done prior to load or unload which would shorten the time when a vehicle is stationary during obligatory breaks.
Authors and Affiliations
Dariusz Starkowski
Keywords
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