ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES AND METHODS OF CALCULATIONS OF SOLAR COLLECTORS AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF HEAT ENERGY
Journal Title: Світлотехніка та електроенергетика - Year 2017, Vol 3, Issue
Abstract
The use of alternative sources of thermal energy is actual today. Two types of solar thermal collectors are considered: flat and vacuum tube collectors. The ways of their connection to the network of hot water supply and heating of buildings are analyzed. High-performance solar collectors are specially designed for operation in cold climate and negative temperatures. Solar collectors complete with storage tanks and intelligent automation is capable of producing a significant amount of thermal energy. The article concludes that in Ukraine, to ensure year-round operation of collectors as sources of water heating in heating systems, it is recommended to use closed circuits with non-freezing liquid based on glycols. The coolant is usually water, and when solar collectors work in periods with a negative outdoor air temperature, it is necessary to use antifreeze - an ethylene glycol solution with anticorrosive additives - as a coolant. The main principles that must be taken into account when placing heat collectors on facades of buildings or roofs are determined. The issue of the optimal location of solar vacuum collectors is considered separately depending on the geographical latitude of the place of their use. An important aspect that must be taken into account already at the initial stage of selection: the correct orientation of the solar collectors. The most favorable from the point of view of maximum thermal energy is the orientation of the collectors to the south. And if the appropriate installation is possible, it should always be followed. In the event that the direction to the south cannot be observed, the value of the thermal power of the solar collector is amended accordingly, which are given in the article, depending on the magnitude of the deviation from the corresponding direction. It is necessary to use the correction factors at the same time and to correct for the angle of inclination of the solar collector horizontally. Empirical and calculation methods for determining the required area of the solar collector are considered based on the requirements of hot water supply and heating of the building. The mathematical dependences obtained allow us to determine quite accurately the necessary useful area of the thermal solar collector taking into account their location and geographical location.
Authors and Affiliations
Олексій Єгоров, Яна Форкун, Ольга Єгорова
Keywords
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