Antibiotic Profiles of Bacterial Enteropathogens associated with Diarrhea among HIV Positive and Negative Patients aged below five years in Western Kenya
Journal Title: Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research - Year 2014, Vol 2, Issue 9
Abstract
Background: The progressive increase in antibiotic resistance among enteric pathogens, particularly in developing countries, is an issue of special concern and it is believed that bacterial enteropathogens in AIDS patients may manifest differently from infections in immune competent hosts. Objectives: To investigate antibiotic profiles diarrhea genic E coli, Salmonella, Shigella associated with diarrhea among HIV positive and negative children aged below five years and identify factors predisposing to antibiotic resistance. Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 105 E coli, 5 Salmonella and 6 Shigella isolates including 36 pathotypes of diarrheagenic E coli namely enteropathogenic (EPEC), Enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC), enteroaggregative (EAEC), Enterohaemorrhagic E coli (EHEC) were evaluated against the antibiotics ampicillin, amikacin, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, cotrimoxazole, cefipime, ciprofloxacin and imipenem using the Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method. www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor 3.79 ISSN (e)-2347-176x Rono Salinah J et al JMSCR Volume 2 Issue 9 September 2014 Page 2346 JMSCR Volume||2||Issue||9||Page 2345-2356||September-2014 2014 Results: Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Shigella species in HIV negative cases were more susceptible to cefuroxime (74.6%, 20%, 40%), ceftazidime (89.6%, 60% 40%), cefepime (97%, 60%, 60%) and amikacin (46.3%, 60%, 80%) respectively compared to isolates from HIV positive cases. However, all isolates from HIV positive and negative cases exhibited resistance to ampicillin (44.7%, 100%) vs (49.2%, 40%, 60%) and cotrimoxazole (78.9%, 100%) vs (40.3%, 80%, 80%) respectively. Virulence genes including bundle forming pilus (bfp) in EPEC, invasive plasmid adhesin (ipaH) in EIEC and aggregative attachment adhesin (aatA) in EAEC were significantly linked to resistance unlike shigatoxigenic factors (stx1, stx2) in ETEC and EHEC (lt, est). Conclusion: Significant differences in antibiotic susceptibility profiles exist between E coli, Salmonella and Shigella species. Virulence genes including EPEC (bfp), EIEC (ipaH) and EAEC (aatA) were associated with resistance whereas cytotoxic factors in ETEC and EHEC had no effect. The antibiotics cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, cefipime and amikacin were effective in treatment of childhood diarrhea and may be incorporated into treatment regimens in Kenya. History of drug use prior to admission may influence antibiotic susceptibility of enteric species.
Authors and Affiliations
Rono Salinah J
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP207816
- DOI -
- Views 79
- Downloads 0
Epidemiology of Hypertension in Adults above 40 years in an Ethnic Community
Background: Hypertension is one of the commonest cardiovascular disorders in both developing and developed countries. The prevalence of hypertension is seen on the rise in developing countries especially in urban areas w...
Clinical profile and treatment response of primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in Eastern Indian Children
Currently, there is very little information about the spectrum of clinical profile and treatment response of children presenting with primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in India and other South East Asian countri...
The Potential Role of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values in the Differentiation of Tuberculous and Malignant Lymph Nodes of Neck - In Correlation with Histopathology
Study was done in 46 patients to ascertain the different causes of cervical lymphadenopathy. 16 patients with cervical lymph node metastasis from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 2 patients with lymphoma, 1...
Adult Onset Still’s Disease as Differential Diagnosis of PUO: A Case Report
Adult onset Still’s disease AOSD) is chronic multi-system inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. It is characterized by high spiking fever, ployarthralgia and skin rash. Lymphadenopathy is another prominent feature o...
Pattern of Childhood Epilepsies in a Tertiary Health Facility in Nnewi, South-East Nigeria
Background: Childhood epilepsy is one of the commonest chronic neurologic disorders affecting children in developing countries. Objective: This study is aimed to determine the pattern of childhood epilepsies in a Nigeria...