Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. isolated from food
Journal Title: Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny - Year 2016, Vol 67, Issue 4
Abstract
This review summarizes current data on resistance among Salmonella spp. isolates of food origin from countries in different regions of the world. The mechanisms of esistance to different groups of antimicrobial compounds are also considered. Among strains resistant to quinolones and/or fluoroquinolones the most prevalent echanism is amino acid substitutions in quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of enes gyrA, parC but mechanism of growing importance is plasmid-mediated quinolone esistance (PMQR) associated with genes qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS but frequency of their detection is different. Resistance to sulfonamides is mostly associated with genes ul1 and sul2, while resistance to trimethoprim is associated with various variants of dhfr (dfr) genes. Taking into account Salmonella spp. strains isolated from food, esistance to β-lactams is commonly associated with β-lactamases encoding by blaTEM genes. However strains ESBL and AmpC – positive are also detected. Resistance to aminoglicosides is commonly result of enzymatic inactivation. Three types of minoglycoside modifying enzyme are: acetyltransferases (AAC), adenyltransferases (ANT) and phosphotransferases (APH). Resistance to tetracyclines among Salmonella spp. isolated from food is most commonly associated with active efflux. Among numerous genetic determinants encoding efflux pumps tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetE and tetG are reported predominatingly. One of the most common mechanisms of resistance against chloramphenicol is its inactivation by chloramphenicol cetyltrasferases (CATs), but resistance to this compound can be also mediated by chloramphenicol efflux pumps encoded by the genes cmlA and floR. It is important to monitor resistance of Salmonella isolated from food, because the lobalization of trade, leading to the long-distance movement of goods, animals and food products, encourages the spread of resistant pathogens around the world.
Authors and Affiliations
Ł. Mąka, M. Popowska
Keywords
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