Assessment of Correlation of Smoking and Drinking Habits with Depression Symptoms among Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma patients
Journal Title: International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research - Year 2017, Vol 4, Issue 5
Abstract
Introduction: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma are one of the most common oral malignancies affecting individuals worldwide. Smoking and drinking are autonomously and synergistically connected with an expanded danger of oral malignancy, and the dangers tend to increment with an expanded recurrence of presentation. Hence; we planned the present study to assess whether smoking or alcohol habit in patients diagnosed with oral cancer is associated to depressive psychiatric symptoms appearing several months after confirmation of diagnosis of cancer. Material and methods: The present study included assessment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma cases that were identified from Dec 2014 to Jan 2017. Identification of all the cases was done based on the pathology reports. The study utilized a standardized, structured questionnaire that, in addition to obtaining demographic/environmental risk factor information, included questions regarding depressive symptoms and social support. Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) was used for the assessment of depressive symptoms. The mean aggregate number of beverages expended/week was ascertained by summing the normal number of beverages (as characterized above) of brew, wine, and hard alcohol that were supposedly devoured/week. All the results were collected and summarized. Assessment of all the results was done by SPSS software. Results: A total of 100 subjects were included in the present study which was diagnosed with suffering from Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Out of 100, 62 subjects had mean CES- D score of less than 15 while only 38 subjects had score of sixteen and above. Significant result was obtained while comparing the CES- D score of the patients. Significant difference was obtained while assessing the mean CES – D score of the subjects when categorized on the basis of age. Among subjects, who smokers were during the year of diagnosis, double odd ratios were observed in relation for existence of subsequent depression Conclusion: Health care professionals should be aware of the depressive symptoms in cancer patients along with various risk factors that could act as precipitating factors for the occurrence of depression.
Authors and Affiliations
Rajeev Gupta, Shveta Mahajan
Keywords
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