Assessment Of Diagnostic Parameters Of Selected X-Ray Machines In Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) - Year 2017, Vol 16, Issue 5
Abstract
Assessment of quality control parameters of diagnostic X-ray machines in the radiological Department of the selected Hospitals in Nasarawa State was carried out using Diavolt Dosimeter, a device capable of measuring kVp, inherent filtration, dose, and time of exposure. The parameters considered in the assessment include; Half Value Layer (HVL), Peak Kilovoltage (kVp), Absorbed dose, Misalignment, and Focal spot size. The result of the HVL test conducted were 4.18mm, 4.18mm, 5.54mm, and 3.65mm for facility 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Comparing these values with the minimum recommended values at various kVps, the four facilities have high HVL values with the resulting effect on the quality of the image produced due to high absorption of X-ray photon. The kVp test indicates that only facility 2 meet the acceptance limit of ±5% with percentage difference of ±0.8%, ±0.0%, ±1.7%, ±5.0%, and ±1.9% at 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90kVp respectively. The highest percentage difference in kVp value was ±24.4% recorded in facility 3 and the least value of ±0.0% was recorded in facility 2. For machines with high percentage difference in kVp values, there is high risk of over-exposure. The maximum value of absorbed dose recorded was 989.8𝜇𝐺𝑦 which is below the maximum permissible recommended dose of 50,000𝜇𝐺𝑦. For congruency test conducted, a misalignment of 1.6cm, 2.5cm, 0.65cm, and 0.7cm were recorded for facility 1, 2, 3, and 4. Only facility 3 and 4 had values within the acceptance limit of 1.5cm set by the regulatory authorities. Replacement or recalibration becomes necessary for such machines with misalignment greater than the acceptance limit to address the probability of exposing areas of no interest during X-ray examination. The effective focal spot which is a measure of image resolution has its highest value in facility 3 (8.69mm) and the least as 5.11mm in facility 2 with Facility 1 and 4 having effective focal spot of 7.67mm and 6.0mm both at 1.0Lp/mm. Facility 3 has the highest image resolution. The misalignments of the collimator in Facility 1 and 4 were within the tolerance limit of 25mm in the horizontal and vertical dimensions. Facility 2 and 3 had misalignment beyond the tolerance limit. On the general note, all the facilities have high probability of producing low quality image as a result of various difficulties recorded ranging from Calibration in facility 1, 3, and 4; Beam alignment in facility 1 and 2; Collimator alignment in facility 2 and 3; and low resolution in Facility 2.
Authors and Affiliations
A. A Tyovenda, T. Sombo, M. Echebi
Keywords
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- EP ID EP598088
- DOI 10.9790/0853-16050994100.
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