Association Analysis of Scoliosis Based on Backpack Carrying Methods and Head Positions of Elementary School Students
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2019, Vol 13, Issue 5
Abstract
To prevent scoliosis development at early stage of growth in elementary school students, we assessed how body posture-namely the school bag carrying method and head position-can affect the morphology of the spinal column. We applied various data mining techniques and multicriteria decision-making to compare the important attributes of scoliosis, in addition to using entropy and principal component analysis to identify the relationship between scoliosis and the various examined attributes. Decision trees were constructed to classify the scoliosis condition of students based on their school bag carrying method, visual acuity, and head position. Association rules were then discovered to represent the associations among different attributes in the database. In this paper, we present several findings, including that the apex of the scoliosis curve in elementary school students is highly dependent on the side on which they carry their backpack, head position, ocular height, and pupil distance. Our analysis results indicate that scoliosis also affects students’ visions. The findings of this study provide a new perspective on the treatment of scoliosis in elementary school students at an early stage and preventing the condition from worsening later on in their development.Scoliosis is defined as the lateral curvature of the spine that occurs most often during the growth spurt immediately prior to juvenility. Scoliosis, a segment of the spine being curved sideways, is a common condition that affects many children and adolescents. Idiopathic scoliosis occurs in both genders. The condition progressively worsens during the growth spurt. At the age of 16 years, some juveniles exhibit spinal curvature exceeding 40°. Although scoliosis can be caused by conditions such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy, the causes of most scoliosis cases are unknown. When a person with scoliosis is viewed from the Xray, the spine appears to be curved. Severe scoliosis can be disabling because the severe spinal curve can reduce the amount of space within the chest, hindering proper lung function and causing back pain. One shoulder being higher than the other displaces the head from being centered over the pelvis. Scoliosis is diagnosed through physical examination of the back. If scoliosis is present, the physician then obtains measurements using radiographs and provides a numerical value in degrees. Children can be screened at any age, although idiopathic scoliosis is more commonly discovered during the growth spurt.Few studies have assessed the association between scoliosis and the backpack carrying methods or head positions of school children. A previous study revealed that older age, walking to and from school, and the backpack carrying method showed statistically significant associations with the severity of back pain [1]. Korovessis et al. investigated the correlation of backpack carrying method, spinal curvature, and athletic activities with dorsal pain (DP) and low back pain (LBP) in 3,441 schoolchildren [2]. Their findings indicate a differential DP and LBP prevalence in schoolchildren and adolescents carrying backpacks in terms of gender and age Moore et al. studied the association of relative backpack weight with back pain in 531 students from 5th to 12th grades in Northern California and found that carrying heavier backpacks is associated with upper and mid-back pain but not neck or lower back pain [3]. Haselgrove et al. reported that neck pain is as common as back pain among adolescents. Weight of the backpack, duration of carrying, and transportation to and from school are associated with back and neck pain [4]. The asymmetric carrying of backpacks results in the shifting of the upper trunk and shoulder and causes cervical lordosis, which may increase back pain overtime [5].
Authors and Affiliations
Wei - Hsiu Hsu, Li - Ju Lai, Yo - Ping Huang, Avichandra Singh
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP587580
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.13.002456
- Views 176
- Downloads 0
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