Association between Smoking and Anthropometric Characteristics, Biochemical Markers, and Dietary Intake of Pakistani Male Adult Population
Journal Title: Advances in Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences - Open Journal - Year 2015, Vol 1, Issue 4
Abstract
Background/Objectives: A community-based study was conducted to compare the nutritional status between smokers and non-smokers in association with dietary, biochemical and socioeconomic characteristics. Methods: A convenient sampling method was used to enroll 100 smokers and 99 non-smokers aged between 46 and 78 years from the urban and semi-urban areas of district Peshawar, Pakistan. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences of the subjects were taken while body composition was determined by employing a Bodystat Analyzer. A blood sample was taken from each subject for the determination of serum vitamin A and zinc levels. Subjects were interviewed for a 24-hr dietary recall and demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Student’s t-test and bivariate analysis were conducted to compare the mean differences and examine the association between different variables of smoker and non-smoker groups. Results: The results revealed that there was no significant (p>0.05) difference between the mean age, weight, height and body mass index of smokers and non smokers. However, the mean body fat, waist and hip circumference of the smokers were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the non-smokers. Conversely, the mean serum vitamin A (32.30±15.99 μg/dl) of smokers was significantly (p<0.05) higher than non-smokers (26.50±20.44 μg/dl) but the mean serum zinc concentration of smokers (99.76±27.42 μg/dl) was significantly lower than the non-smokers (108.25±32.20 μg/dl). Conclusions: The study concludes that anthropometric (body mass index), biochemical (vitamin A and zinc status), dietary (energy intake) and socio-economic (income, profession) characteristics failed to establish an association with smoking as most of the indicators of smokers are comparable to non-smokers.
Authors and Affiliations
Parvez I. Paracha
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP544888
- DOI 10.17140/AFTNSOJ-1-116
- Views 133
- Downloads 0
Polyphenols as Colorants
The market for natural colors for food applications is ever increasing. Consumers are seeking simpler and cleaner labels for their foods and are looking for alternatives to synthetic ingredients. As a result, interest in...
Application of Ultra Superheated Steam Technology (USST) to Food Grain Preservation at Ambient Temperature for Extended Periods of Time
Food security has been of great concern in every nation irrespective of their developed or underdeveloped status. Post-harvest losses are common for almost all agricultural products; therefore, these commodities are a ma...
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nutrition: A Literature Review
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as a well-known disease which is determined by without using alcohol. There is high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver in the community and this condition pote...
Life Threatening Airway Angioedema Secondary to Captopril
Angioedema associated with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) is an emergency, which can develop in 0.1-1% of the recipients. Severe life-threatening total airway obstruction secondary to angioedema can occu...
Medical Rice: A New Wax-Free Brown Rice and its Protein Reduced Rice
Introduction Removal of wax layer from brown rice keeping nutrients rich bran layer was necessary for improving palatability of brown rice. Further removal of rice protein yielded low protein brown rice which is benefici...