Biochemistry, Pathophysiology and Clinical Importance of IL-4: A Review Article
Journal Title: International Journal of Health & Medical Research - Year 2025, Vol 4, Issue 01
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is one of the most important immunomodulatory cytokines. Although it is thought of purely as acting on the differentiation of T helper cells, IL-4 can polarize macrophages. That is why knowledge of the biochemical pathways and molecular mechanisms of IL-4 action is needed. Various biological activities have been ascribed to IL-4, including immune responses, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis. This wide range of activities is likely to be based on defined pathophysiological features in diseases within the nervous system and allergic disorders. Hence, this review attempts to compile the most recent findings regarding the pathophysiological functions of IL-4, focusing primarily on its contribution to neuroinflammation, macrophage polarization, and allergic responses. In conclusion, IL-4 is a multifaceted cytokine that plays crucial roles in immune responses, influencing macrophage polarization, tissue repair, and inflammation across various biological systems. Continued research into its biochemical pathways and interactions with other cytokines will be essential for harnessing its therapeutic potential in treating inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The pathophysiology of IL-4 is multifaceted, influencing both immune responses and neural health. Its roles in microglial polarization, neuroinflammation, and allergic diseases highlight its significance as a therapeutic target. Despite the progress made in understanding IL-4’s functions, further research is necessary to unravel its complex signaling mechanisms and to explore its potential in clinical applications across various pathological conditions.
Authors and Affiliations
Rasha A. H. Alathary, Rusul A. Abass, Seenaa Taqi Mansour Al muhtaser, Ali A. Al-fahham,
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP761564
- DOI 10.58806/ijhmr.2025.v4i1n09
- Views 31
- Downloads 0
Levels of Nutritional Adequacy and Bioavailability of Iron with The Incident of Anemia in Pregnant Women in Gorontalo City
The level of adequate nutrition and iron availability in pregnant women can cause anemia, and inadequate food intake during pregnancy can affect Hb levels. The research formulation is about the incidence of anemia in pre...
Computational Identification of Human TGFΒ1 Gene: SNPS and Prediction of Their Effect on Protein Functions of Preeclampsia Patients
Growth factor (TGF-β1) belongs to the superfamily (TGF-β) as it has different roles and functions and participates in various physiological, biological, and pathological processes. The protein (TGF-β1) works to regulate...
Prediabetes effects on acute coronary syndrome outcomes: A review
Acute coronary syndrome is the leading cause of mortality worldwide and prediabetes is among the leading risk factors. The study aimed to review the effects of prediabetes on acute coronary syndrome outcomes. A systemati...
Simulation Of Orange Fruit Use And Small Group Discussions In A Village With Extreme Poverty To Mitigate Anemia In Pregnant Women: A Community Program Report In Indonesia
Introduction: Haemorrhage remains one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia. One significant factor contributing to bleeding is the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women. Early detection of anemia...
Pathogenic Bacteria Associated with Urinary Tract Infections
UTIs, which are also commonly referred to as urinary tract infections, are a common and sometimes reoccurring infection that can range from happening on their own to posing a severe risk to the health of the patient. Thi...