Botulinum Toxin Pharmacology and Practical Medical Consideration
Journal Title: Majallah-i jarrāḥī-i ustukhvān va mafāṣil-i Īrān - Year 2016, Vol 14, Issue 4
Abstract
Botulinum toxin is produced by clostridium botulinum bacteria, and has seven serotypes, some of which are pharmacologically active in human. An inactive protein is bound to this toxin, as toxin contains two distinct chains, each one with a specific characteristic. The mechanism of action is acetyl choline inhibition at the synapses. The general pharmacological and practical points for the use of this toxin will be discussed in this article without emphasis on its use in any specific field.
Surgical Fixation of Distal Periprosthetic Humerus Fractures using a Distal Femoral Locking Plate: Surgical Technique and Report of Three Cases
Periprosthetic fractures about the humerus are a rare but difficult complication of shoulder arthroplasty, occurring in up to 3% of cases. Depending on the fracture pattern, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) ma...
Biomechanical Effect of longitudinal meniscal tear with or without anterior Cruciate ligament tear in Knee (Finite Element Analyses)
Backgrounds: Characterization of mechanical behavior of meniscus is an important issue considering the significant role of meniscus in load bearing within the knee joint. Identification of mechanical change in meniscal t...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Orthopaedics (A Current Concept)
Orthopaedics tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and tendon, involve cells that are difficult to culture and grow in vitro for reconstruction of damaged tissues. A small number of cells called stem cells have the ability t...
The Quick and Convenient Method of Closed Femoral Intramedullary Nailing by the Innovative Set for Close Reduction of Long Bone Fractures
Introduction: The preferred method in fixation of some long bone fractures is using intramedullary nailing. The benefit of this method lies in its higher biomechanical stability, as well as preventing additional surgical...
Comparison of Two Methods of Percutaneous Pinning in Treatment of Proximal Phlalangeal Fractures
Background: Fracture of phalanx is common upper extremity fracture. Two pining methods are used for fixation of extraarticular proximal phalanx transverse fractures: transarticular parallel pins passing through (MCP) joi...