Cardiological and other somatic complications of anorexia nervosa
Journal Title: Current Problems of Psychiatry - Year 2014, Vol 15, Issue 4
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious medical condition, very frequently putting patients’ life at risk. The disease manifests itself through striving to lose weight. People affected with it, tend to strive for weight norms not suitable for their age or height. Other than that, such individuals tend to incorrectly assess their body and show huge fear of gaining weight. Starving may lead to impairment of digestive system function, as well as that of endocrines and integuments. Neurotransmission, water and electrolyte balance, and cell metabolism, are also exposed to damage. There is a decrease of certain hormones concentration in the adipose tissue, such as leptin, resistin, vistatin, apelin (APE-36, APE-12) and bone markers: osteocalcin and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen a chain and the increase of concentration of adiponectin were also described in the patients. Patients affected with AN tend to demonstrate general, physical changes in the cardio-vascular system, resulting from fasting, vomiting and considerable weight loss, leading to electrolyte disorders, arrhythmia, hypotension, bradycardia, peripheral oedema and acrocyanosis. The changes recorded in ECG, such as ST segment depression, T-wave reversal, T-wave flattering, incorrect length of QT interval and vascular arrhythmias frequently appear in AN patients. One can also observe low voltage P-waves, QRS complexes and pathological dextrogyration, U-wave and atrial extrasystoles. Prolongation of QT interval is considered to be the marker of arrhythmia in AN paients. Resting heart rate is lower in AN patients, when compared with the control group, in which the measurement of balance indicators between the tension of the sympathetic nervous system and the vagus nerve activity indicates the dominance of vagus nerve stimulation. Authors referred to the studies using power spectral analysis.
Authors and Affiliations
Nikodem Skoczeń, Ewelina Dziwota, Paweł Błaszkiewicz, Karolina Sprawka, Anna Strug, Marcin Olajossy
Keywords
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