Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in age-related hearing loss with focusing on oxidative stress
Journal Title: Central Asian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Innovation - Year 2022, Vol 2, Issue 2
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a type of bilateral hearing loss that progresses from low frequencies to high frequencies with age. This disorder is classified as a multifactorial disease. Factors involved in ARHL pathology are divided into two categories of genetic and non-genetic factors. The genes involved in this disorder include three categories of genes involved in cochlear structure and function, genes correlated with oxidative stress, and mitochondrial-dependent genes. Oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation are the three main causes of ARHL. Damage to hair cells induces intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis and can therefore accelerate ARHL. Some process in cells leads to the production of high amounts of reactive oxygen species including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), anion superoxide (O2-), and hydroxyl radical (OH). Reactive oxygen species or ROS can generally have several sources including nitric oxide synthase, NADPH oxidase, microsomal, mitochondrial, and proxisomal pathways. In typical conditions, ROS is produced and neutralized by antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione, balancing cell homeostasis. Though, the process of aging, drug treatment, and some other factors upset this homeostasis, and this causes oxidative stress and induction of ARHL in the cells of the auditory system. The aim of this study was to describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in ARHL with a focus on oxidative stress.
Authors and Affiliations
Salar Adnan Ahmed; Ahmed Diyar Hussein Al-Râwanduzi
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP714389
- DOI 10.22034/CAJMPSI.2022.02.04
- Views 55
- Downloads 0
Description of the characteristics, epidemiology, diagnosis, and risk factors of presbycusis disorder
Presbycusis is one of the most important and common diseases associated with aging. This disease is a symmetrical, irreversible and progressive bilateral disease of the cochlea. Complications of presbycusis include perce...
Total fertilization success and embryo formation in ART treatments: does it have any predictive value?
This retrospective study was aimed to investigate the characteristics of cycles with 100% achievement in laboratory procedures to determine the predictors of cycles with total fertilization success (TFS) and following to...
Structure and function of mitochondria and its role in male infertility
Infertility refers to the inability to conceive after at least 12 months of intercourse without prevention. About half of all infertility factors are due to male factors. Genetic factors are the important factors that co...
Non-coding RNAs and their role in Alzheimer's pathogenesis
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive and irreversible brain disorder. This disease is the most common reason for dementia in aged people. Pathological symptoms of this disease are the formation of beta-amyloid plaques an...
Stem cell therapy as a promising approach in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders
Neurodegenerative diseases in humans such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's disease are associated with the loss of neurons or glial cells in the central nervous sy...