Challenges and Perspectives of Omes & Omics in Assisted Reproductive Technologies: From Screening to Diagnostic
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 4
Abstract
In cellular physiology and functional biology, the suffix –ome refers to “all constituents considered together and as a mix”. During the last decade the omics development have significantly changed the face of fundamental and clinical biology for diagnostics and clinical treatment. By building bridges to cell biology, Omics technologies are no longer limited any more to research laboratories but started to be applied in clinical biology for prognostic and diagnostic [1]. For example, fast moving advances in next generation sequencing technologies makes human sequence datasets widely available and this represents a fundamental shift from basic research to clinical application. Genomics has already moved to the clinic and combining medical records with genome sequences offers tantalizing possibilities for the future of medicine [2]. IVF omes and omics are becoming promising technologies that personalize patient management and improve success rates [3,4]. In reproductive pathology, the contribution of genome and epigenome defects such as chromosomes abnormalities, genes and/or metabolic disorders and functional biology process misfit are very well documented as a main factor of assisted reproductive technology cycles failures. General survey showed in somatic karyotype a higher incidence of chromosomal aberrations in infertile and sub fertile couples than neonatal population. For example, cytogenetic studies of infertile male revealed between 2 to 15 of abnormalities. In azoospermia cases, nearly 15 % are carrier of unbalanced karyotypes. In oligospermia cases, chromosomes disorders were observed in only 2 to 5%. More than numerical abnormalities balanced and unbalanced abnormalities involving autosomes-gonosomes chromosomes are also reported [5]. In IVF programmes, risk assessment and safety management need to be analyzed with care to minimize failure and adverse effects [6]. In Assisted Reproductive Technology practice, gametes maturation and competency (genic and epigenetic levels) are mandatory for fertilization, early embryo cleavage and development success. Ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins can improve the quantity of collected gametes but without full guarantee of quality. To better assess, select and predict gametes and embryo quality, cytological, cytogenetics, molecular techniques (karyotype, FISH, PCR and sequencing) or imaging methods have been routinely applied over the last few years. For example, in severe male infertility and ICSI failure, the investigation of sperm genome decays (chromosome abnormalities, DNA fragmentation, chromatin denaturation and methylome changes [4,7,8] is currently performed to explain the potential contribution of sperm on fertilization failure and embryo cleavage blockage.
Authors and Affiliations
Moncef Benkhalifa, Naima Belhadri, Stephanie Belloc, Rosalie Cabry, Hikmat Chahine, Henri Copin, Pierre Miron, Timur Gurgan
Keywords
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- EP ID EP588442
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.05.001229
- Views 207
- Downloads 0
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