Clinical and Etiological Profile of Patients Presenting with Hyponatremia in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of North Eastern India
Journal Title: International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research - Year 2017, Vol 4, Issue 5
Abstract
Introduction: Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients. It is defined as serum sodium concentration less than 135mEq/L. It occurs due to disruption of sodium and water homeostasis. Clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic patients to ones having seizures and coma. Aims and objective: To delineate the clinical profile and causes of hyponatremia in patients admitted in a medical ward. Material and methods: This study was conducted on 100 patients admitted in medicine ward of tertiary care teaching hospital of northeast India from September 2016 to February 2017. Patients older than 18 years with serum sodium less than 135mEq/L were included in the study. Detailed history, clinical examination and all necessary investigations were done accordingly. P value <0.05 was taken as statistical significance. Results: In the present study 72% were male, and 84% of patients was older than 50 years. Out of all patients 70% were symptomatic, out of which 40% had moderate hyponatremia. Symptomatic hyponatremia in mild, moderate and severe groups were present in 42.8%, 84.8%, 96% respectively. Out of 100 cases of hyponatremia euvolemic, hypervolemic and hypovolemic cases were 47%, 33% and 20% respectively. Most common cause was gastrointestinal loss (24%) and most common symptom was altered sensorium in 24% of patients. Interestingly 10% cases of hyponatremia gives history of salt restriction. Conclusion: Hyponatremia is commonly encountered electrolyte imbalance in hospitalized patients mostly in temperate countries like India. Most common cause being gastrointestinal loss followed by diuretic use. Restricted salt intake advised by physicians or family members is also an important factor of it.
Authors and Affiliations
P Bhattacharjee, Polok Das, Dwijen Das, Abhishrut Jog, Manish Jain
Keywords
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