Clinical profile and etiology of thyroid disorders in children at a tertiary care hospital

Journal Title: Medpulse International Journal of Pediatrics - Year 2019, Vol 9, Issue 1

Abstract

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common preventable cause in India and worldwide. Thyroid hormones deficiency in infancy leads to irreversible impairment of neuro-cognitive function and physical and mental retardation. The disorders of thyroid hormone can be due to diseases of the thyroid gland itself (primary), secondary to pituitary disorder (secondary) or due to hypothalamic diseases (tertiary). Aim: To determine clinical profile and etiology of thyroid diseases in children. Material and Methods: A hospital based prospective observational study performed in new-borns and children below 18 years if they had clinical suspicion of thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid profile were done if there was suspicion of hypothyroidism and Free T3 and TSH if there was suspicion of hyperthyroidism. Other investigations like USG thyroid, thyroid 99m technetium scan anti TPO and anti TG antibody levels were done to look for the etiological diagnosis. Results: The mean age of patients was 10.67±4.23 years with male to female ratio of 1:3.6. Out of 70 cases, 67 cases (95.7%) were hypothyroidism and 3 cases (4.3%) were hyperthyroidism. The most common clinical presentation in patients with hypothyroidism was constipation 37 cases (55.2%) and in patients with hyperthyroidism palpitations was most common in 3 cases (100%). Out of 57 cases having suspicion of autoimmune aetiology, 44 cases (77.19%) had elevated anti TPO antibodies and 49 (85.96%) cases had elevated anti TG antibodies. Conclusion: Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the major preventable thyroid disease if diagnosed early. Hence, screening of all newborns and children should be mandatory. Autoimmune thyroid diseases are now the major leading cause of thyroid disorders in childhood.

Authors and Affiliations

Sharanagouda Patil, Kudlappa P Angadi, Abhishek Kharge

Keywords

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