Comparative analysis of the theoretical approaches to profession teaching in the educational systems of USA, UK and Austria
Journal Title: Порівняльно-педагогічні студії - Year 2016, Vol 1, Issue 2
Abstract
У статті розглядаються питання змісту іншомовної підготовки співробітників спецслужб США, Великобританії та Австрії. Висвітлено основні стратегії, тренди та форми іншомовної підготовки, мету та струк-туру мовних курсів спеціальних та військових відомств сфери національної безпеки США, Великобританії та Австрії. Описані особливості роботи центрів лінгвістичної підготовки для різних категорій військовослужбовців, особливості функціонування перекладацьких служб. In the paper the problems of the foreign language training of USA, UK and Austria security service personnel are analyzed. The main strategies, trends and forms of foreign language training are highlighted; the objective and structure of the language courses in special and military departments in the US and UK national security sphere are investigated. We describe the features of the language training centers for different categories of servicemen, the peculiarities of translation services. Analysis of the foreign practice of language teaching of special and military departments personnel shows that in the world leading countries and in military (intelligence) blocks there is an active, complex and systematic policy in the sphere of linguistic maintain of the national security. Modern foreign language training of the security sector specialists in different countries can be characterized by: а) multi-level structure that assumes the formation of different levels of professional communicative competence on the different stages (courses) of training (need in common communication, professional terminology, coordination with other departments, translation of technical or diplomatic documents etc); b) complex goal that is directed on professional, social and personal development of the employees while studying foreign languages by means of formation of the corresponding competences according to the given tasks; c) systematization that is reached by gradual implementation of profession-oriented foreign language teaching in secondary and professional education at all levels taking into consideration the peculiarities of organization and contents of training, specific character of the activity. Urgent for the implementation and improvement of the departmental programs (concepts) of foreign language training considering the existing foreign experience are modernization and optimization of the educational model: involving and rational usage of the native speakers and highly-qualified linguists, systematic usage of forms and methods of competence, communicative and profession- and personal-oriented education (learning in small groups, training levels, penetration into the language environment, studying abroad etc); elaboration of standardized teaching methods and assessment of academic progress on the different levels of professional foreign language competence, financial and technical support of the departments that perform language training of the employees, introduction of new teaching services (courses, seminars, trainings) according to needs of practical departments. Content of professional foreign language traning in France special and military departments offer different training strategies for their students: meta-cognitive techniques for organi-zation, focusing and self-assessment; affective strategies for processing emotions or circumstances; social strategies for cooperation with other participants of the learning process; cognitive strategies for obtaining new information and implementing it into the existing schemes, its analysis and classifica-tion; memorizing strategies for implementing new information into memory, its storage and with drawal in case of necessity; compensation strategies (guessing or using gestures) to fight the imper-fections and gaps in the current language proficiency.
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