COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF THE ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF FICUS BENGHALENSIS L. (MORACEAE) AGAINST BACTERIAL FISH PATHOGENS
Journal Title: Słupskie Prace Biologiczne - Year 2017, Vol 1, Issue 14
Abstract
The genus Ficus L. (Moraceae), one of the most species-rich and ecologically important plant genera in lowland tropical rainforests, was chosen for evaluation of antimicrobial activity, in particular, of leaf extracts. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of ethanolic extract prepared from leaves of Ficus benghalensis L. against fish pathogens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Yersinia ruckeri, all of which have global significance and an increasing number of which are multidrug resistant (MDR), in order to evaluate the possible use of this plant in preventing infections caused by these bacteria in aquaculture. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on Muller-Hinton agar by disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility technique). Muller- Hinton agar plates were inoculated with 200 and 400 μL of standardized inoculum (108 CFU/mL) of bacterium and spread with sterile swabs. Aeromonas hydrophila (strain E 2/7/15) isolated locally from gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain E 1/7/15) isolated locally from internal organs of rainbow trout with clinical features of furunculosis, Citrobacter freundii isolated locally from gills of eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) with clinical features of disease, as well as Yersinia ruckeri collected from clinically healthy fish and fish with clinical symptoms of yersiniosis were used as test organisms. In our study, the A. hydrophila (200 and 400 μl of standardized inoculum) revealed intermediate susceptibility to ethanolic extract obtained from leaves of F. benghalensis (inhibition zone diameters ranged from 8 to 12 mm). The C. freundii strain (200 and 400 μl of standardized inoculum) displayed mild susceptibility to ethanolic extract obtained from leaves of F. benghalensis (inhibition zone diameters ranged between 8 and 10 mm). Ethanolic extract derived from F. benghalensis leaves exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas fluorescens causing a zone of inhibition, comprising at least 8-14 mm, both in 200 μL and 400 μL of standardized inoculum (108 CFU/mL) of bacterium strain. Y. ruckeri isolate (200 and 400 μl of standardized inoculum) revealed good susceptibility to ethanolic extract obtained from leaves of F. benghalensis (inhibition zone diameters ranged between 8 and 15 mm). Further studies aimed at the isolation and identification of active substances from the ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves of F. benghalensis could also disclose compounds with better therapeutic value. It is believed that screening of plants from Ficus genus for other biological activities including antimicrobial activity is essential. Finally, it seems important not only to determine the substances involved in the activity against pathogens but also to establish the induced response in the fish physiology. Quantifying the response in fish can be achieved by measuring hematological, immunological and biochemical indices, but also by analyzing the growth parameters directly or indirectly involved in the physiological response.
Authors and Affiliations
Halyna Tkachenko, Lyudmyla Buyun, Zbigniew Osadowski, Elżbieta Terech-Majewska, Vitaliy Honcharenko, Andriy Prokopiv
Keywords
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF THE ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF FICUS BENGHALENSIS L. (MORACEAE) AGAINST BACTERIAL FISH PATHOGENS
The genus Ficus L. (Moraceae), one of the most species-rich and ecologically important plant genera in lowland tropical rainforests, was chosen for evaluation of antimicrobial activity, in particular, of leaf extracts. T...