CONSEQUENCES OF JANUARY POLISH REBELLION OF 1863–1864 IN VOLYN

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CONSEQUENCES OF JANUARY POLISH REBELLION OF 1863–1864 IN VOLYN

Journal Title: Науковий і культурно-просвітній краєзнавчий часопис Галичина - Year 2017, Vol 29, Issue

Abstract

The greatest manifestation of the Polish liberation movement in the nineteenth century was January Polish Rebellion. From the beginning the organizers planned to distribute it on the territory of the former Rich Pospolyta – the Kingdom of Poland, Lithuania, Belarus and the Right-Bank Ukraine (within Kyiv, Volyn and Podillya provinces that were in the Russian Empire at that time). Taking a course towards armed uprising, Polish patriotic organizations launched their activities in the Right-Bank Ukraine. It was aimed at involving local, mostly Ukrainian people in the liberation movement under the slogan “For our freedom and yours”. Among the Ukrainian population of the Right-Bank Ukraine in 1863–1864 there was no unequivocal attitude towards the Polish insurgents in general and their agitation appeals in particular. At the heart of the absolute majority of the negative attitude of Ukrainians towards the Polish liberation movement were historic historical stereotypes of a conflict nature that prevailed in the relations between the two neighboring peoples. The centuries-old dependence of the oppressed peasantry on the Polish gentry, with its social privileges gave rise to the idea of an uprising as a “lordship” case that could not be interested in the peasant majority of the Ukrainian population. As a result, most Ukrainians did not support January Rebellion and, in fact, took a neutral position or acted on the side of the Russian Empire during its suppression. There were even cases where, in some Volyn villages, the peasants themselves issued the rebels to the Russian authorities or dealt with them on their own. The article deals with the causes of the defeat and consequences of the January Polish Rebellion of 1863–1864 in Volyn, where it gained a special scope, as well as the attitude of the local commoner towards the insurgents. Despite appeals from the leaders of the uprising and promises to provide peasants with land, the Ukrainian population only partially responded to the Polish protest against the common enemy of Ukrainians and Poles in the nineteenth century which was Russian tsarism. The government measures to suppress the uprising, attempts to oppose the local Ukrainian peasantry and the Polish gentry through the additions to the provisions of the agrarian reform in Russia in 1861, which were made in Right-Bank Ukraine in 1863 in favor of Ukrainian peasants, were punished to punish the nobles for participating in the uprising. Following the defeat of the uprising, the Russian tsarism passed legislative acts to significantly weaken the Polish element on the right-bank Ukrainian lands and its assimilation. January Rebellion played an important role in the history of not only the Polish, but also the Ukrainian people, in particular, was an example in the national liberation struggle.

Authors and Affiliations

Nataliіa SOFIAK

Keywords

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EP ID EP439757
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