ЧОРНОМОРСЬКА ДОКТРИНА В ІДЕЙНИХ ПОШУКАХ М. С. ГРУШЕВСЬКОГО, С. Л. РУДНИЦЬКОГО І Ю. І. ЛИПИ
Journal Title: Державне будівництво та місцеве самоврядування - Year 2018, Vol 1, Issue 36
Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of the geopolitical projects of eminent Ukrainian scientists such as M.S. Grushevsky, S.L. Rudnitsky and Yu.I. Lipa). Their views on the future of Ukraine, its place in the European space and its role in the geopolitical processes in the first half of the twentieth century are revealed. The authors, on the basis of scientific works of scientists, analyze their concepts of creating the Black Sea Federation, in which Ukraine will play the main role. In these geopolitical projects the Black Sea vector of activity of an independent Ukrainian state was singled out and understood for the first time. The authors pay attention to the concept of federalism by M. Hrushevsky, which is no longer about Ukraine as part of the Russian Federation, but about creating a federation of the “peoples of the Black Sea”. A special role in this federation is played by Belarus and Lithuania as peoples of these countries have always been allies of Ukraine. According to M. Grushevsky, this fact allows us to conclude that it is a possibility of to having state prospects in the future. The union of three states will allow to create the Black Sea-Baltic federation with the dominant role of Ukraine. The idea of M. Hrushevsky to create a Black Sea federation was unfulfilled; it was the least theoretically grounded. Analyzing the work of another famous Ukrainian scientist S.L. Rudnitsky, the authors of the article emphasize the significance of such ideas to the formation of the national identity of the Ukrainian people, the awareness of the role and place in the European process of democratic changes. According to Rudnitsky, the creation of the Ukrainian state, the solution of its problems (national, political, economic, territorial) are the interests of all the states of Europe and the whole world. Based on an analysis of the political-geographical development and political life of Europe and the world, the scientist comes to the conclusion that only nation-determined states may have a future and world politics should support the creation of nation states. Particular attention is paid to the views of S.L. Rudnitsky on the prospects for the creation of the Baltic-Pontic Federation (Baltic-Black Sea). The scientist believed that such countries as Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine should be included to the federation. In his opinion, the Baltic countries, Finland, which gained their independence after the October Revolution of 1917, are aimed against the aggressive policy of Russia, which makes them closer to Ukraine. It was a mistaken opinion of the scientist that the desire for federalization of these countries will grow stronger and become the goal of influential circles. The core of the federation would be Ukraine, as a larger state, both geographically and the number of population. The creating of the Baltic-Black Sea Federation would contribute to the protection of both Ukrainian national interests and the geopolitical interests of European countries. Creating an independent Ukrainian state is politically and economically profitable to European countries. It may establish the link between East and West, between South and North. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that the ideas of S.L. Rudnitsky did not have objective realities, because the states that had just gained their independence would hardly want to create a new union. The views of S.L. Rudnitsky about the role of Ukraine as a “buffer” between Russia and the West are also unacceptable. In that case, it is not the interests of Ukraine that are taken into account, but the Western states, which will strive to wrest Ukraine from under Russian influence, thereby increasing their influence on Ukraine. A comprehensive grounding of the “Black Sea Doctrine”, the future position of Ukraine, its role in geopolitical projects is given in the works of the outstanding Ukrainian political scientist Yu.I. Lipa. In his research, Yu. Lipa defines the prospects for Ukraine as the leader of the Black Sea countries. The unity of the Black Sea region provides the Black Sea, which unites all the countries located on its coast. Yu. Lipa emphasizes the special significance of the Crimea demi-island, the owning of which gives control over all the Black Sea. The main allies of Ukraine should be Turkey, Belarus, which provides protection from the Baltic expansion, the countries of the Caucasus, Transcaucasia and Bulgaria. In accordance with the geopolitical concept of Yu.I. Lipa, the independence of Ukraine depends on the creation of a single Black Sea space, where cooperation with the countries of the Black Sea coast will play a vital role. The authors note that the geopolitical ideas of prominent Ukrainian scientists such as MS. Grushevsky, S.L. Rudnitsky, Yu.I. Lipa are an important component of the Ukrainian political thought of the first half of the twentieth century. This is especially true of the ideas of creating an independent Ukrainian state, which will take its rightful place among the Western European countries. Today, despite the fact that the situation in the world has changed, we should not abandon the ideas of Black Sea doctrine, the main provisions of which can be used in determining the directions of Ukrainian foreign politics.
Authors and Affiliations
Maryna Okladna, L. Perevalova
Keywords
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- EP ID EP615752
- DOI 10.31359/1993-0941-2018-36-228
- Views 93
- Downloads 0
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