Criminalization from Human Rights Perspective, the Demands of the Moral Right to Self-Determination
Journal Title: The Journal of Human Rights - Year 2015, Vol 10, Issue 1
Abstract
Human rights faces an obvious challenge concerning criminalization. On the one hand, putting emphasis on individual autonomy of human beings has blocked any attempt to impose any restrictions, the harm principle being the only criterion of criminalization. On the other hand, putting stress on public morals and proper moral norms in the text of the UDHR and ICCPR implies that we may go beyond the harm principle and adopt legal patriarchy and legal morality as additional criteria in criminalizing human rights issues. Authors on human rights have failed to address this issue and as a result the harm principle has been gradually adopted as the only criterion in criminalizing human rights issues and this has resulted in the failure to take other criteria of criminalization into account. This article aims to address and explore the challenge between individual autonomy and proper moral requirements, both of which have been stressed in the UDHR. Each perspective will be analyzed critically. چکیده در موضوع جرم‌انگاری، حقوق بشر با چالشی آشکار مواجه است؛ از یکسو تأکید بر خوداستقلالی انسان‌ها، راه را بر هر گونه ایجاد محدودیتی بسته است و تنها اصل ضرر را یگانه معیار جرم‌انگاری معرفی می‌کند. از سوی دیگر تصریح به اخلاق عمومی و مقتضیات صحیح اخلاقی در متن اعلامیه و میثاق، موهِم این امر است که شاید بتوان از اصل ضرر فراتر رفت و پدرسالاری قانونی و اخلاق‌گرایی قانونی را نیز به عنوان معیارهای جرم‌انگاری مورد پذیرش قرار داد. نویسندگان حقوق بشر به چنین چالشی توجه نداشتند، اما به مرور خوداستقلالی، اصل ضرر را به عنوان یگانه معیار جرم‌انگاری مبتنی بر حقوق بشر مورد پذیرش قرار داد و به حذف جرم‌انگاری‌های مبتنی بر سایر معیارها همت گمارد. در این مقاله به بررسی چالش خودمختاری و مقتضیات صحیح اخلاقی که هر دو مورد تأکید اعلامیه حقوق بشر هستند، خواهیم پرداخت و نتایج هر یک را مورد واکاوی قرار خواهیم داد.
Authors and Affiliations
Mohsen borhani
Keywords
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