CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON RONS AND PHYSICAL EXERCISE
Journal Title: Medycyna Sportowa - Year 2011, Vol 27, Issue 4
Abstract
Over the past few years, research studies on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) have became a part of intensively developing genomics and proteomics. They have concentrated on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO), and their roles in regulation of gene expression. Mechanisms of the processes are based on modulation of transcription factors activity through changes in cell redox status, S-nitrosylation reaction and/or production of second messangers such as cGMP. The effect of increased metabolic H2O2 and NO activity is manifested as a biogenesis of mitochondria, erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, elevated energy metabolism, antioxidants synthesis and inflammatory mediators, proliferation and differentiation of muscle stem cells (satellite cells), transformation of muscle fibres etc. Nevertheless, loss of control of RONS generation by antioxidant mechanisms, and lack of possibility of return to reducing conditions, destabilizes energetic processes, disrupts mitochondria work, inhibits differentiation of satellite cells and induces immunosuppression. It was observed that overproduction of RONS and oxidative stress are associated with overreaching and overtraining. In these situations, antioxidant supplementation is necessary to limit RONS level and restore an organism’s pro-antioxidant equilibrium. This work was designed to present current knowledge on RONS and their effects on cell signaling, muscle regeneration and reorganization, exercise and hypoxia adaptation as well as antioxidants’ use in sports nutrition.
Authors and Affiliations
Agnieszka Zembroń-Łacny, Anna Kasperska, Joanna Ostapiuk- Karolczuk
Keywords
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